Cooperative systems

Cooperation, more formally speak is how the components of a system work together to achieve the global properties. In other words, individual components those appear to be “selfish” and independent work together to create a highly complex, greater-than-the-sum-of-its-parts system. Examples can be found all around us. The components in a cell work together to keep it living. Cells work together and communicate to produce multicultural organisms. Organisms form food chains and ecosystems. People form families, gangs, cities and nations. Neurons create thought and consciousness. Atoms cooperate in a simple way, by combining to make up molecules. Understanding the mechanisms that create cooperating agents in a system is one of the most important and least well understood phenomena in nature, though there has not been a lack of effort.

2. Робота над повторенням граматичного матеріалу.

1. Як змінюються англійські прикметники (прислівники)? Назвіть ступені порівняння прикметника (прислівника).

2. Утворіть ступені порівняння прикметників old, far.

Ex.1. Answer the following questions and make the complete sentences.

1. Which is the highest mountain in the world? 2. Is the Black Sea deeper than the Caspian Sea? 3. Which is the shortest month in the year? 4. Is Chemistry more difficult than Physics? 5. It was (good) meal I’ve ever had. 6. The Russian grammar is (difficult) than the English one. 7. Friendship is (strong) than steel. 8. (Long) day has an end. 9. Health is (good) than wealth. 10. Where is it (beautiful), in the mountains or near the sea?

Ex. 2. Choose the right answer.
1. Two people were seriously injured in the accident. (serious / seriously)
2. The driver of the car had serious injuries. (serious / seriously)
3. I think you behaved very ____________. (selfish / selfishly)
4. Rose is ____________ upset about losing her job. (terrible / terribly)
5. There was a ____________ change in the weather. (sudden / suddenly)
6. Everybody at the party was ____________ dressed. (colourful / colourfully)
7. Linda likes wearing ____________ clothes. (colourful / colourfully)
8. Liz fell and hurt herself quite ____________. (bad / badly)
9. Joe says he didn't do well at school because he was ____________ taught. (bad / badly)
10. Don't go up that ladder. It doesn't look ____________. (safe / safely)

Ex. 3. Complete the given sentences using the proper comparison form (older/more important etc.).

1. It's too noisy here. Can we go somewhere _quieter? _

2. This coffee is very weak. I like it a bit ---.

3. The hotel was surprisingly big. I expected it to be ---.

4. The hotel was surprisingly cheap. I expected it to be ---.

5. The weather is too cold in this country. I'd like to live somewhere ---.

6. My job is a bit boring sometimes. I'd like to do something ---.

7. 1 was surprised how easy it was to use the computer. I thought it would be ---.

8. Your work isn't very good. I'm sure you can do ---.

9. Don't worry. The situation isn't so bad. It could be ---.

10. 1 was surprised we got here so quickly. I expected the journey to take ---.

3. Яке слово вживається у складених числівниках перед десятками?

4. В якому випадку числівники hundred, thousand, million мають закінчення -s у множині?

5. Як утворюються порядкові числівники. Назвіть винятки.

6. Як позначаються номери сторінок, розділів, частин книг, актів, розміри одягу?

7. Як прочитати число, якщо ціла частина дорівнює нулю?

8. Прочитайте числа ½ і ¼, 1,5 і 3 4/5, 4 2/3 і 4 2/5.

. Ex. 4. Insert the numeral (quantitative or ordinal).

1. There are ________ months in a year.

2. January is ________ month of the year.

3. May is ________ month of the year.

4. There are ________ months in winter.

5. December is ________ month of the year and ________ month of winter.

6. There are ________ days in a week: ________ one is Monday, ________ one is Tuesday, ________one is Wednesday, ________ one is Thursday, ________ one is Friday, ________ one is Saturday and ________ one is Sunday.

7. Sunday is ________ day of the week in England and ________ one in Russia.

8. Monday is ________ day in Russia and ________ in Great Britain.

9. There are ________ hours in a day, ________ minutes in an hour and ________ seconds in a minute.

10. September, April, June and November have ________ days. All the rest have ________ except February.

3. Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням

I. Вставте пропущені букви у словах першого абзацу.

II. Виберіть та вставте запропоновані у дужках слова (deaf, divisions, material, experimental, parents, Education, responsibility) в другому абзаці.

III. У третьому абзаці оберіть правильну граматичну форму.

IV. Складіть план до тексту.V. Поставте 10 запитань до тексту.VI. Напишіть анотацію.

From the Sun

06.03.2006

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