Практичне заняття № 1

Тема: Стан та перспективи розвитку галузі.(2 год)

1. Читання, переклад та переказ тексту. Виконання після текстових вправ.

Read the texts and compare the information in section 1 and section 2.

Internet Facts

The prototype for the Internet was created in the sixties by the US Defense Department. To ensure that communication could be kept open in the event of a nuclear attack, it created a computer network known as Arpanet — the Advanced Research Project Agency Network.
The first attempt to connect two computers and allow them to communicate with one another was made by researchers at the University of California in Los Angeles and the Stanford Research Institute on 20 October 1969.The first people to coin the term 'internet' were two scientists, Vinton Cerf (known as 'father of the Internet') and his collaborator Bob Kahn, who in 1974 devised a means by which data could be transmitted across a global-network of computers. An Oxford graduate, Tim Berners-Lee, set up the first 'www server' (a Server receives and sends messages) to store the archive of the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Switzerland. The first e-mail ever sent was in 1972 between computers in two American universities. The most frequently used search word on the net is "sex", typed in 1,550,000 times every month. The most mentioned male on the Internet is President Bill Clinton, whose name is linked to 1,542,790 sites. The most mentioned female on the Internet is the actress Pamela Anderson, whose name is linked to 1,542,282 sites.

Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням: “ Protein, Minerals, Vitamins ”.

Protein is a component of every body cell and important for building the maternal blood supply. Protein also is nec­essary for hair, skin, muscle, nerve tissue and brain de­velopment. Women need approximately 10 more grams of protein daily.

Minerals. Calcium and phosphorus are important miner­als in bone development.

Dairy products are excellent sources of both calcium and phosphorus, as well as of vitamin D which is necessary for calcium absorption.

Zinc is another mineral needed for body growth and de­velopment. Good food sources of zinc include meat, liver, eggs, seafood.

Iron builds blood volume and muscle. Many women enter pregnancy with low iron stores, resulting in anemia. Foods rich in iron include red meat, es­pecially liver, raisins and fortified breads and cereals.

Vitamins. Folic acid is a vitamin important in protein metabolism, particularly in periods of rapid growth. Pregnant women should start the day with a good breakfast. Fortified ready-to eat cereal with milk and a glass of orange juice will provide at least half needs. Green leafy vegetables, liver and lentils are other good sources of folic acid.

Ex 1 Translate into English.

каждая клетка тела, для построения, развитие мозга, более 10 г белка ежедневно, 50 %, до беременности, мо­лочные продукты, кальций, фосфор, витамин Д, цинк — другой минерал, включают мясо, печень, яйца, мореп­родукты, низкое содержание железа, анемия, пища, бо­гатая железом, злаки, начинать день, стакан апельсино­вого сока, листовые овощи, фолиевая кислота.

Робота над граматичним матеріалом. Revision.

1. Назвіть випадки вживання Present Perfect.

2. З якими числівниками в реченні найчастіше вживається Present Perfect. Наведіть приклад.

Ex. 1. Read the situations and write sentences. Use the following verbs:arrive break fall go up grow improve lose leave

3. Яким чином утворюється форма Past Perfect. Чи вживається вона для вираження минулої дії, що вже закінчилася до певного моменту в минулому. Яким чином це позначається у реченні?

Ex. 2. Read the situations and write sentences from the words in brackets.

1. You went to Sue's house, but she wasn't there.
(she / go / out) She had gone out.
2. You went back to your home town after many years. It wasn't the same as before.
(it / change /a lot) ________________________
3. I invited Rachel to the party, but she couldn't come.
(she/ arrange / to do something else) ________________________
4. You went to the cinema last night. You got to the cinema late.
(the film / already / begin) ________________________
5. It was nice to see Dan again after such a long time.
(I / not / see / him for five years) ________________________
6. I offered Sue something to eat, but she wasn't hungry.
(she / just / have / breakfast) ________________________ 7. The man sitting next to you on the plane was very nervous. It was his first flight.
(he/ never/ flown/had/ before) _____________________________
8. A woman walked into the room. She was a complete stranger to me.
(I/never/seen/her/had /before) ______________________________
9. Sam played tennis yesterday. He wasn't very good at it; it was his first game.
(Sam/never/had/before/played)_________________________________
10. Last year we went to Denmark. It was our first time there.
(had/we/been/never/there/before)_________________________________

4. Наведіть 5 пар прикладів речень у формі Future Perfect та Future Simple. Поясніть.

Ex. 3. Open the brackets using Future Indefinite or Future Perfect.

1. We _____________ the new film tomorrow. (watch)

2. I _____________ my homework by the time you come home. (do)

3. They hope he _____________all the exams by the end of June. (pass)

4. _____you _____ here again? (come)

5. I _____________ take your words seriously next time! (not)

6. The police _______________ here before we finish. (arrive)

7. She ________________ everything when she sees me. (understand)

8. By that time the train ____________ without us. (leave)

9. All the preparations_____________ finished before the weekend. (to be) 10. I am sure we ___________ to an agreement by the end of our meeting. (come)

5. Чи виражають часи групи Perfect Continuous, як і часи групи Continuous дію в її розвитку як процес. Яким чином вони пов’язані з часами групи Perfect?

Ex. 4. Open the brackets using Present Perfect Continuous

1. He (to try) to solve this problem for several months till now but he hasn’t found a solution yet.
2. She (to teach) at school for twenty years.
3. Mr. Smith (to work) in his room since early morning.
4. The children (to sleep) for six hours.
5. John is in his room, he (to sit) there since the morning.
6. For 2 hours now we (to talk) and we haven’t come to any conclusion yet.
7. I (to look) for it for half an hour and I can’t find it.
8. Look, your brother (to dance) with that red-haired girl since she came into the room. 9. The telephone (to ring) for five minutes, why don’t you answer. 10. He (to come) here day after day for years.

6. Як утворюються часи групи Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous?

Ex. 5. Put the verb into the most suitable form, past continuous (I was doing), past perfect (I had done) or past perfect continuous (I had been doing).

1. It was very noisy next door. Our neighbors were having (have) a party.
2. We were good friends. We had known (know) each other for years.
3. John and I went for a walk. I had difficulty keeping up with him because he _____________ (walk) so fast.
4. Sue was sitting on the ground. She was out of breath. She ____________ (run).
5. When I arrived, everybody was sitting round the table with their mouths full. They_______________ (eat).
6. When I arrived, everybody was sitting round the table and talking. Their mouths were empty, but their stomachs were full. They _________________ (eat).
7. Jim was on his hands and knees on the floor. He ______________ (look) for his contact lens.
8. When I arrived, Kate _________________ (wait) for me. She was annoyed with me because I was late and she _________________ (wait) for a long time.
9. I was sad when I sold my car. I _____________ (have) it for a very long time.
10. We were extremely tired at the end of the journey. We _________________ (travel) for more than 24 hours

Література:

1. Бессонова І. В. Англійська мова (за професійним спрямуванням). Навчальний посібник для дистанційного навчання. – К.: Університет «Україна», 2005. – 263с.

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