Try to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the advertisement

Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням: Evolution

Larger strands of DNA are known as chromosomes. They are arranged in pairs. However, an ovum, a female cell capable of developing into a baby as well as a male cell which should fertilize it have only half of the chromosomes. In this way, when organisms reproduce themselves sexually, — by combining sperm from one parent with ova from another, — the new individual possesses characteristics of both parents.

The new combination of characteristics may be particularly beneficial.

The child may inherit the very best features of its parents and be healthier, stronger and fitter. Sometimes, there are slight mistakes made in the copying. When the special reproductive cells are made, and these can result in the new individual being different in someway. These mistakes are known as genetic mutations and sometimes are very beneficial. When these beneficial changes occur, evolution happens.

Every organism is in competition with other members of its species. So anything which helps this plant or animal to get an edge over the competition will be useful. The individuals with beneficial characteristics are more likely to survive if some natural change happens. This is known as natural selection which is all about the survival of the fittest — and the fittest is the one which is best adapted to its environment. It should be clear now that it is a mistake to think of evolution as a straight-line development leading up to the human being. This is only one of many different branches of evolution

Робота над граматичним матеріалом. Revision.

1. Назвіть англійські прийменники. Які групи прийменників ви знаєте?

Ex. 1. Fill in the blanks with these words: although, and, because, but, or, since, so, unless, until, when.

1. Things were different _____ I was young. 2. I do it _____ I like it. 3. Let us wait here _____ the rain stops. 4. You cannot be a lawyer _____ you have a law degree. 5. That was years _____ years ago. 6. She has not called _____ she left last week. 7. I saw him leaving an hour _____ two ago. 8. This is an expensive _____ very useful book. 9. We were getting tired _____ we stopped for a rest. 10. He was angry _____ he heard when happened.

2. Поясніть правило узгодження часів.

Ex. 2. Open the brackets using The Sequence of Tenses.

1. He said he (to leave) tomorrow morning. 2. She says she already (to find) this book. 3. He stopped and listened: the clock (to strike) five. 4. She said she (can) not tell me the right time, her watch (to be) wrong. 5. I asked my neighbor if he ever (to travel) by air before. 6. The policeman asked George where he (to run) so early. 7. They were told that the guide just (to go) out and (to be) back in ten minutes. 8. I knew they (to wait) for me at the metro station and I decided to hurry. 9. I didn’t know that you already (to wind) up the clock. 10. I was afraid that the little girl (not to be) able to unlock the front door and (to go) upstairs to help her.

Ex. 3. Convert into indirect speech. 1. "I want to sit in the armchair," said the boy. 2. The secretary said to me: "The delegation ar­rived in Kyiv yesterday." 3. "Open the window, please," she said to me. 4. He said: "I shall light a fire and make myself breakfast." 5. "Don't run to the door when you hear the bell," said the woman to her little daughter. 6. She asked me: "How long are you going to stay here?" 7. Mary asked me: "Will you spend your vacation in Moscow?" 8. "Lock the door when you leave the house," said my elder sister to me. 9. "Have you received a telegram from your wife?" she asked Robert. 10. Mabel said: "Nothing will change my decision and I shall leave for Cape Town tonight." 11. "Please don't smoke in the room," said the old woman to her nephew. 12. "I am shivering with cold," said the girl.

Література:

1. Л.В. Мисик, А.Л. Арцишевська, Л.Р. Кузнєцова, Л.Л. Поплавська. Англійська мова. Комунікативний аспект. / За ред. доц. Мисик Л.В. – Підручник. – К.: Атіка, 2000. – 368с

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