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ТОР 5 статей:

Методические подходы к анализу финансового состояния предприятия

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Характеристика шлифовальных кругов и ее маркировка

Служебные части речи. Предлог. Союз. Частицы

КАТЕГОРИИ:






Soil sanitary state criteria




Group of indices Indices
Sanitary-and-physical Texture of soil, filtration coefficient, air and water permeability, capillarity, moisture capacity, total hygroscopic moisture
Physical-and-chemical Active reaction (рН), absorption capacity, total absorbed bases
Chemical safety criteria:
- chemical agents of natural origin Background content of total and movable forms of macro- and microelements of non-contaminated soil
- chemical agents of anthropogenic origin (soil pollution indices, ЕCS) Amount of pesticide residues, total content of heavy metals and arsenic, content of movable forms of heavy metals, oil and oil products’ content, content of sulphides, content of carcinogens (benzpyrene) etc.
Epidemic safety criteria:
- sanitary-chemical Total organic nitrogen, Khlebnikoff’s sanitary number, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, organic carbon, chlorides, soil oxidation
- sanitary-microbiological Total number of soil microorganisms,, microbial number, titer of bacteria of colibacillus group (coli-titer), titer of anaerobes (perfingens-titer), pathogenic bacteria and viruses
- sanitary-helminthological Number of eggs of helminthes
- sanitary-enthomological Number of larvae and chrysalides of flies
Radiation safety indices Soil activity
Soil natural purification indices Titer and index of thermophile bacteria

Appendix 1

Scale for assessment of sanitary state of soil*

Danger level Level of pollution Criteria of epidemic safety Pollutional index ЕCS –– exceeding factor of MAC Radiation safety index –– soil activity Natural purification index  
Coli titer Anaerobe titer Number of eggs of helminthes in 1 kg of soil Number of larvae and chrysalides of flies on 0.25 m2 Sanitary number of Khlebnikoff' –– thermophile titer
Safe Pure 1.0 and more 0.1 and more     0.98-1.0 < 1 Natural level 0.01- 0.001
Relatively safe Slightly polluted 1.0-0.01 0.1-0.01 less than 10 single specimen 0.86-0.98 1-10 Exceeding natural level by 1.5 times and more 0.001-0.00002
Dangerous Polluted 0.01-0.001 0.01-0.0001 11-100 10-25 0.70-0.86 11-100 Exceeding natural level by 2 times and more 0.00002 -0.00001
Very dangerous Heavily polluted 0.001 and less 0.0001 and less more than and more <0.70 >100 Exceeding of natural level by 3 times and more <0.00001  

*Under condition of soil sampling in the depth of 0-20 cm.

 


8. LITERATURE:

8.1. The basic:

8.1.1. Hygiene and ecology / under the editorship of Corresponding Member of Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, professor V. G. Bardov. – Vinnytsya: Nova Knyha publishers, 2009. – P. 198-213.

8.2. Additional:

8.2.1. General hygiene and environmental health / Edited by Professor M.M. Nadvorny. – Odessa, 2005. – P. 191-194.

Appendix 2

Scenario – based task № 1: "Sanitary protection of soil"

To the municipal hygiene department of regional SES the administration of high school has addressed with complaints to the local municipal enterprise, which is periodically carries out export of dust from the apartment houses located close. Besides, in the absence of special motor transport and enough of containers for gathering of dust from apartment houses, in the territory of school dumps of household dust and food waste are formed. At the sanitary inspection of the soil, selected from the school territory, such results are received:

Investigated indicator Result of research

1. Sanitary-chemical indicators:

- Nitrogen organic, mg/100 g 210

- Nitrogen soil albuminous, mg/100 g 154

2. Sanitary - bacteriological indicators:

- Coli-tytre 0.01

- Perfringens- tytre 0.001

3. Sanitary-helminthes indicator:

- number of helminthes eggs in 1 kg 7

4. Sanitary-entomological indicator:

- flies larvae in 0.25m2 2

1. Give hygienic estimation of sanitary condition of soil.

2. Define etiological factors and-or risk factors for health of pupils.

3. Find necessary standard documentation for a hygienic estimation.

4. Offer plan of hygienic measures to prevent soil pollution on the population health.

Standard answer:

1. Hygienic assessment of soil by sanitary-bacteriological, sanitary-helminthes and sanitary-entomological indicators are low polluted, soil is clean (by sanitary index). In the soil helminthes eggs, larvaes of flies are presents, but self-purification is normal by the quantity of nitrogen organic to quantity of nitrogen soil albuminous (sanitary index is 1.36).

2. Risk factor for population health is: pollution degree – low polluted (by sanitary-bacteriological, sanitary-helminthes and sanitary-entomological indicators), that promotes flash of intestinal infectious diseases, helminthic infections among population.

3. Estimated indicators of sanitary condition of the soil.

4. Carry out liquidation of dump of household waste, remove top of low-polluted layer of soil on the pure layer of soil and use plant cultures; regulary select tests of soil samples by sanitary-bacteriological, sanitary-helminthes and sanitary-entomological indicators.

 

Scenario – based task № 2: "Sanitary protection of soil"

Carried out sanitary condition of soil in the city, where enrichment polymetallic ore company was located in the residential zone, had been revealed heavy metals, which exceeds their clark values. At the same time samples were selected in the outskirts behind the industrial zone, but with similar types of the soil. Following results have been taken:

 

 

Heavy metals Concentration, mg/kg
Factual Clark
manganese 2000,0 500,0
copper 66,0 33,0
zinc 170,0 65,0
lead 56,0 20,0
vanadium 190,0 150,0

1. Calculate concentration coefficients as well as separate heavy metals.

2. Propose complex of the primary preventive measures.

 






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