Главная

Популярная публикация

Научная публикация

Случайная публикация

Обратная связь

ТОР 5 статей:

Методические подходы к анализу финансового состояния предприятия

Проблема периодизации русской литературы ХХ века. Краткая характеристика второй половины ХХ века

Ценовые и неценовые факторы

Характеристика шлифовальных кругов и ее маркировка

Служебные части речи. Предлог. Союз. Частицы

КАТЕГОРИИ:






Hygienic characteristics of occupational hazards medical staff of various profiles




Hazards occupational factors surgical department doctors are the following:

- quantity of surgical interventions - up to 150 per year for general surgery practice, 170 per year – for otorhinolaryngology department, 370 per year – in obstetrics and gynecology departments;

- uncomfortable body position with a trunk bent forward and prolonged static tension muscles of a shoulder girdle, back, arms stretched forward;

- heating microclimate with high radiative heat flows from source of artificial light (shadowless lamp);
-ionizing radiation for radiological department, especially in traumatology, vascular surgery, neurosurgery;
- toxic impact of anesthesia (nitrous oxide, halothane, chloroform, diethyl ether) and anesthetics;
- high mental, nervous and emotional stress associated with complexity, duration of surgery, possible complications arising, responsibility for life of a patient.

Among occupational diseases surgery department doctors with temporary total disability, the most prevalent diseases as well as nervous system, circulatory system, digestive diseases, acute respiratory diseases. Among chronic diseases are the following – disease of circulatory system, neurasthenia, which are associated with high emotional and physical stresses, angina, hypertension, dystonia, neurasthenia.

Common diseases associated with prolonged standing for a surgical table: sciatica, osteoarthritis, psoriasis, varicose veins of lower extremities.

Temporary total disability surgeons at more than 60-80% of doctors was explained by their point of view to changed profession, caused by chronic intoxication of drugs and anesthetics, 11-20% - by infectious diseases, 9-10% - by physical and nervous overload.

 

Hygienic characteristics working conditions and health of therapeutic department doctors depend on service of patients. For outpatient, precinct servicing a key role belongs to excessive physical activity, which depends on the season of a year (quantity of cases), size of a therapeutic department, type of building (single high-rise buildings, presence/absence of elevators). These professions are also characterized by psychoemotional stress, adverse effects of physical factors, x-ray radiation, microwave, ultrasound, laser and other diagnostic and therapeutic instrumental measures of treatment, chemical hazard, pharmacological agents.

Occupational diseases doctors of a therapeutic department, primary, TB specialists, infectious disease specialists, dermato-venereologists, lab technicians as well as bacteriological, virological, helminthological laboratory concerned infectious disease, typical for these department; for radiologists – dermatities, eczema, toxicoderma, melanoma, leukemia, skin cancer, radiation sickness; for psychiatrist –psychoneurosis, etc.

Occupational hazards of dentists are forced body position (standing, with tilt and turns of a body), which leads to prolonged static voltage corresponding muscle groups, noise and vibration from drills, eye strain, blinding effect of photopolymer lamp, getting into a breathing area of mercury carried out from mercury amalgams, evaporation of solvent polymeric materials, danger of infection from patient with diseases of an upper respiratory tract in the incubation stage, convalescence, while performing manipulations, involving contact with mucous membranes, blood of patient.

Enumerated hazards should cause postural disorders (34-45 %), varicose veins of lower finiteness (19-49 %), vibration disease (paresthesias, loss of temperature, tactile sensation of hands, Dupuytren's contracture).

Visual analyzer overloading could cause spasm of accommodation, so-called false myopia, eye pain.

Through saliva, tissue of gums, an open wound could transmit AIDS, prion disease, hepatitis B and hepatitis C.






Не нашли, что искали? Воспользуйтесь поиском:

vikidalka.ru - 2015-2024 год. Все права принадлежат их авторам! Нарушение авторских прав | Нарушение персональных данных