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КАТЕГОРИИ:






From the History of Punishment




In ancient times physical punishments and public humiliations were social events as well as painful ones.

In ancient Rome people found guilty of murdering their fathers were put in a sack with a rooster, a viper and a dog, then drowned. In ancient Greece a condemned man was allowed to end his life by poison. But condemned slaves were beaten to death. In Turkey a guilty butcher was tied to a post with a piece of stinking meat fixed under his nose. A guilty baker could be nailed to his door by his ear for cheating the buyers.

In the main squares of towns there was the pillory for the offenders who were locked by hands and head into the device and stood for days, while crowds jeered and pelted him with rotten vegetables or stones, or worse.

In medieval Europe punishment in the form of execution was really painful and caused maximum suffering. The guilty were tied to a heavy wheel and rolled around the streets until they were crushed to death. Others were strangled slowly. Hanging and quartering remained as the most terrible punishment in Britain until 1814. Beheading was reserved for those of high rank. The use of the guillotine for executions was suggested in 1789 in France.

Similar machines had been used in other countries, including Scotland and Italy.

 

Task 14. Find the English equivalents in the text.

Древняя Греция, Рим, виновный в совершении убийства, приговоренные рабы, признать виновным, забить до смерти, протухшее мясо, привязать к столбу, «позорный столб», глумиться, забрасывать камнями, экзекуция, колесо, колесование, душить, повешение, четвертование, обезглавливание.

 

Task 15. Insert the prepositions:

found guilty _ murdering; to end _poison; beaten _ death; could be nailed _ his door _ his ear _ cheating; put _ a sack; were locked _ hands and head _ the device; rolled _ the streets; was reserved _ those _ high rank.

 

Task 16. Make up sentences.

1. Greece, in, a, ancient, man, was, condemned, to, allowed, end, by, his, poison, life.

2. The, pillory, there, for, was, offenders, the.

3. Painful, was, punishment, really, maximum, and, caused, suffering.

 

Task 17. Write questions to which the following would be answers.

1. In ancient times physical punishments and public humiliation were social events.

2. They were put in a sack with a rooster, a viper and a dog.

3. A condemned man was allowed to end his life by poison.

4. In ancient Greece condemned slaves were beaten to death.

5. In Turkey a guilty butcher was tied to a post, a baker could be nailed to his door by ear.

6. There was the pillory in the main square of towns.

7. Punishment in the form of execution was painful in Medieval Europe.

8. Hanging and quartering remained in Britain until 1814.

9. The use of the guillotine was suggested in 1789 in France

 

Task 18. Answer the questions on the text.

1. Why did ancient punishment have to be painful?

2. What was the purpose of making punishments public?

3. What was the symbolic meaning of the punishment inflicted on the parents’ murderers?

4. What punishments were most common in the East?

5. How did punishments reflect social status?






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