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GRAMMAR COMMENT COMPLEX SENTENCES
| There are three types of sentences in English: Simple, compound and complex sentences. Complex sentences are made up of two clauses - an independent clause and a dependent clause. Independent clauses are similar to simple sentences. They can stand alone and function as a sentence. Dependent clauses, however, need to be used together with an independent clause to make sense. Here are some examples: Independent Clauses We didn't pass the test. Angela won the competition. The doctor will go ahead with the operation. Dependent Clauses Although we had studied for a long time Because she had practiced for weeks If he gets positive test results Notice how the first group of sentences, the independent clauses, can be used as complete sentences. The dependent clauses, on the other hand, are missing an element (the independent clause) to make sense. Here are the two clauses combined to make complex sentences: Although we had studied for a long time, we didn't pass the test. Angela won the competition because she had practiced for weeks. The doctor will go ahed with the operation if he gets positive test results. In the complex sentence John left when his sister arrived, the clause when his sister arrived is a dependent clause because it is preceded by the word when, which is a subordinating conjunction. Dependent clauses are not complete sentences; they cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. For example, * When his sister arrived cannot stand alone. Dependent clauses must be attached to independent clauses in order to form a complete sentence. In the complex sentence above, John left is the independent clause." |
Exercise 1 The following sentences are made up of two independent clauses with one or more dependent clauses. You are to identify the clauses telling what kind each is. The choices are independent clause, noun clause, adjective clause or adverb clause.
E.g. We enlarged our house, and after we had finished the work, we moved to Hawaii and never returned.
We enlarged our house = independent clause, after we had finished the work = adverb clause, we moved to Hawaii and never returned = independent clause
1. Since we had gone only a mile from camp, we could return before dark, and we would not become lost.
2. After the tornado had hit, my house was gone, but my neighbor's house was not touched.
3. Mary heard the frightening noise again, and the sound was one that would frighten the bravest of people.
4. The route can be changed, but I know several people who will not like the change.
5. Dr. Mathews did what could be done, but it simply was not enough to save his life.
Exercise 2 The following sentences are either a simple sentence, a compound sentence, a complex sentence or a compound/complex sentence. Identify the sentences telling what kind each is.
1. None of the other jurors asked me to change my mind.
2. Barbara and Jeanne whispered and giggled all night.
3. That he is my cousin cannot be denied.
4. The boy who is speaking is my brother, and he will be staying with us.
5. I know you don't like him, but that doesn't matter.
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