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Revision of Passives
| Passive - Use We only use the passive when we are interested in the object or when we do not know who caused the action. Example: Appointments are required in such cases. We can only form a passive sentence from an active sentence when there is an object in the active sentence. Which sentence is in the passive? a) An oil spill has polluted the river. b) The river has been polluted by an oil spill. How is a passive sentence formed? to be + past participle How to form a passive sentence when an active sentence is given: - object of the "active" sentence becomes subject in the "passive" sentence - subject of the "active" sentence becomes "object" in the "passive" sentence" (or is left out) What is the passive form of these modals? a) We can release her. b) Someone might attack him. |
Try to complete this table
| Tense | Active | Passive |
| They speak English in India | English is spoken in India. | |
| Present Continuous | Our house is being painted by decorations. | |
| Past Simple | The police caught the thief. | |
| They were taking the dogs for a walk. | The dogs were being taken for a walk. | |
| Present Perfect simple | He has been arrested by the police. | |
| Past perfect simple | I had told her to arrive at nine o’clock. | |
| Future simple | The government will reduce taxes. | |
| Going to | They are going to sell the car. | |
| Modal present | The problem should be solved by the committee. | |
| Modal perfect | They may have sold the house. |
Rewrite these sentences in the passive form. Use by if the agent is important.
1 The tide washed the oil onto the beach.
2 In the programme we watched, they were killing the elephants for their tusks.
3 They are going to elect a new president soon.
4 In future, the officials will demand a fine if someone breaks the law.
5 Someone had released chemicals into the water.
Exercise 7. You’ve developed a potentially marketable invention. Write a letter about your invention and propose investors to invest it.
Exercise 8. Think about your top 10 inventions of all time. Try and narrow them down to your top 5, and place them in order of importance. Why do you think the ones you have chosen are so important?
Check yourself
1. Choose the right variant: We … to be polite and friendly to other people.
a) be taught
b) has taught
c) may taught
d) are taught
2. Choose the right variant: The exhibition … to the audience tomorrow morning.
a) will open
b) open
c) will be opened
d) is opened
3. Choose the right variant: I use the......... oven often. Some people say that it's not healthy because it uses radiation to cook and/or heat food. However, it's so convenient because it heats the food up so quickly.
a) steam
b) range
c) broiler
d) microwave
4. Choose the right variant: What is the name of the CalTech seismologist who invented the scale used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes?
a) Joshua Rumble
b) Hiram Walker
c) Giuseppe Mercalli
d) Charles Richter
GLOSSARY
| English | Russian | Kazakh |
| conceivable [kənˈsiːvəbl] | мыслимый, возможный | ойға қонымды, мүмкін |
| painstakingly [ˈpeɪnzˌteɪkɪŋlɪ] | старательный, тщательный | ынталы |
| labor-saving gadget [ˈleɪbə ˈseɪvɪŋ ˈɡædʒɪt] | трудосберегающий гаджет | жұмысты жеңілдететін жағдай |
| wing-suits [wɪŋ sjuːts] | крыло костюмы | қанатты костюм |
| marketable [ˈmɑːkɪtəbl] | товарный | тауарлық |
| descend [dɪˈsend] | спускаться | төмен түсу |
| accuracy [ˈækjʊrəsɪ] | точность | нақтылық, дәлдік |
| LIW №20 |
Make a presentation “ Great inventions of the 21st century ”.
| LIW №21 |
Read and translate the text №6 “ Ancient Wonders of the world II”, p. 167
References
Main:
1. Clive Oxenden and Christina Latham-Koenig.New English File. Upper-intermediate. Students Book. Oxford, 2012.
2. Clive Oxenden and Christina Latham-Koenig. New English File. Upper-intermediate. Workbook. Oxford, 2012.
Additional:
3. Brian Abbs and Ingrid Freebairn. Blueprint. Upper-intermediate. Longman, 2012.
5. http://www.britishcouncil/newinventions
HAND OUT №15 (105)
Discipline: English as a foreign language Credits - 2
Upper-intermediate l evel Practical lesson
Lexical theme: Business
Grammar: Clauses of contrast and purpose
Teacher: assistant professor Moldabayeva Magira Kitobayevna
GRAMMAR COMMENT: Clauses of contrast and purpose
| Last year Jack and Jill spent their holidays by the sea. It rained a lot but they enjoyed themselves. Although it rained a lot, they enjoyed themselves. (=It rained a lot but they…)or In spite of} Despite} the rain,they enjoyed themselves Clauses of contrast: 1. Although the weather was terrible, we had a good time. I went to work even though I was ill. I like Ann though she sometimes annoys me. 2. In spite of/Despite his age, he is still very active. Use although, though, even though + clause - Although and even though can be used at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence. - Even though is stronger than although and used to express a big or surprising contrast - Though is more informal than although. It can only be used in the middle of a sentence. After in spite of or despite, use a noun, a verb in the –ing form,or the fact that+ subject+verb Clauses of purpose: 1. I went to the bank to/ in order totalk to my bank manager/so as to 1. I went to the bank for meeting with my bank manager 2. I went to the bank so thatI could take out some money. 3. I wrote it down so as not to forget it. Use to, in order to, so as to, for or so that to express purpose. 1. After to, in order to, so as to use an infinitive. 2. Use for + a noun, e.g. for a meeting. 3. After so that, use a subject +modal verb (can, could, would, etc) 4. To express a negative purpose use so as not to or in order not to |
Make one sentence from two. Use the word(s) in brackets in your sentences.
1. I couldn’t sleep. I was tired. (despite). I couldn’t sleep despite being tired.
2. They have very little money. They are happy. (in spite of)
3. My foot was injured. I managed to walk to the nearest village. (although)
4. I enjoyed the film. The story was silly. (in spite of)
Use your own ideas to complete the following sentences.
1. He passed the exam although …
2. He passed the exam because …
3. I didn't eat anything although …
4. I didn't eat anything in spite of …
Exercise 1. Read the text and translate the first paragraph.
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