ÒÎÐ 5 ñòàòåé:
Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå ïîäõîäû ê àíàëèçó ôèíàíñîâîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ
Ïðîáëåìà ïåðèîäèçàöèè ðóññêîé ëèòåðàòóðû ÕÕ âåêà. Êðàòêàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà âòîðîé ïîëîâèíû ÕÕ âåêà
Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà øëèôîâàëüíûõ êðóãîâ è åå ìàðêèðîâêà
Ñëóæåáíûå ÷àñòè ðå÷è. Ïðåäëîã. Ñîþç. ×àñòèöû
ÊÀÒÅÃÎÐÈÈ:
- Àðõåîëîãèÿ
- Àðõèòåêòóðà
- Àñòðîíîìèÿ
- Àóäèò
- Áèîëîãèÿ
- Áîòàíèêà
- Áóõãàëòåðñêèé ó÷¸ò
- Âîéíîå äåëî
- Ãåíåòèêà
- Ãåîãðàôèÿ
- Ãåîëîãèÿ
- Äèçàéí
- Èñêóññòâî
- Èñòîðèÿ
- Êèíî
- Êóëèíàðèÿ
- Êóëüòóðà
- Ëèòåðàòóðà
- Ìàòåìàòèêà
- Ìåäèöèíà
- Ìåòàëëóðãèÿ
- Ìèôîëîãèÿ
- Ìóçûêà
- Ïñèõîëîãèÿ
- Ðåëèãèÿ
- Ñïîðò
- Ñòðîèòåëüñòâî
- Òåõíèêà
- Òðàíñïîðò
- Òóðèçì
- Óñàäüáà
- Ôèçèêà
- Ôîòîãðàôèÿ
- Õèìèÿ
- Ýêîëîãèÿ
- Ýëåêòðè÷åñòâî
- Ýëåêòðîíèêà
- Ýíåðãåòèêà
Ñèñòåìà îòâåðñòèÿ Ñèñòåìà âàëà
| Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ñîïðÿæåíèÿ | Ñèñòåìà îòâåðñòèÿ | Ñèñòåìà âàëà | |
| Ïðåäåëüíûé ðàçìåð îòâåðñòèÿ, ìì | Dmax | ||
| Dmin | |||
| Ïðåäåëüíûé ðàçìåð âàëà, ìì | dmax | ||
| dmin | |||
| Çàçîð (íàòÿã), ìì | Dmax - dmin | ||
| Dmin - dmax |
Îáîçíà÷åíèå îòâåðñòèÿ:
Îáîçíà÷åíèå âàëà:
4. ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜÍÛÅ ÂÎÏÐÎÑÛ
1) ×òî íàçûâàþò ñèñòåìîé äîïóñêîâ è ïîñàäîê? Ñîäåðæàíèå è íàçíà÷åíèå ñèñòåìû äîïóñêîâ è ïîñàäîê.
2) Êàêîâû ïðèíöèïû ïîñòðîåíèÿ ñèñòåìû äîïóñêîâ è ïîñàäîê?
3) ×òî íàçûâàþò êâàëèòåòîì è êàê åãî îáîçíà÷àþò?
4) Êàê ðàñøèôðîâàòü ñëåäóþùèå óñëîâíûå îáîçíà÷åíèÿ: à) Ò, IT, TD, Td, IT0, IT8, g7; á) G7, k6, m6, P9, p8?
5) Êàêàÿ ñâÿçü èìååòñÿ ìåæäó îñíîâíûìè îòêëîíåíèÿìè âàëà è îòâåðñòèÿ?
6) Äëÿ êàêèõ ïîëåé äîïóñêîâ îñíîâíîå îòêëîíåíèå íå óñòàíîâëåíî è äëÿ êàêèõ ðàâíî íóëþ?
7) Êàêèå ïîëÿ äîïóñêîâ ïðèìåíÿþò äëÿ îáðàçîâàíèÿ ïîñàäîê: à) ñ çàçîðàìè; á) ñ íàòÿãàìè; â) ïåðåõîäíûå?
8) Êàêèå ïîëÿ äîïóñêîâ èìåþò íàèáîëüøèå (ïî àáñîëþòíîé âåëè÷èíå) îñíîâíûå îòêëîíåíèÿ è â êàêèõ ñëó÷àÿõ èõ ïðèìåíÿþò?
9) Êàê îáðàçóþòñÿ ïîñàäêè? Êàêèå ãðóïïû ïîñàäîê óñòàíîâëåíû â ñèñòåìå îòâåðñòèÿ è âàëà?
10) Êàê îáîçíà÷àþò ïîñàäêè?
11) Êàê îïðåäåëèòü ïî óñëîâíîìó îáîçíà÷åíèþ, ê êàêîé ñèñòåìå (îòâåðñòèÿ èëè âàëà) îòíîñèòñÿ ïîñàäêà?
12) Êàê ðàñøèôðîâàòü ñëåäóþùèå îáîçíà÷åíèÿ: à) N7, S6, Smin, Nmax; á) H7/h6, H8/f7, F8/h7, H8/s7, S7/h6?
Áèáëèîãðàôè÷åñêèé ñïèñîê
1. À í ó õ è í Â. È. Äîïóñêè è ïîñàäêè / Â. È. À í ó õ è í. ÑÏá: Ïèòåð, 2004. 207 ñ.
2. ÃÎÑÒ 25346-89. Îáùèå ïîëîæåíèÿ, ðÿäû äîïóñêîâ è îñíîâíûõ îòêëîíåíèé. Ì.: Èçä-âî ñòàíäàðòîâ, 1990. 29 ñ.
3. ÃÎÑÒ 25347-89. Ïîëÿ äîïóñêîâ è ðåêîìåíäóåìûå ïîñàäêè. Ì.: Èçä-âî ñòàíäàðòîâ, 1990. 51 ñ.
ÏÐÈËÎÆÅÍÈÅ 1
Çíà÷åíèÿ äîïóñêîâ, ìêì (ÃÎÑÒ 25346-89)
| Èíòåðâàë ðàçìåðà, ìì | Êâàëèòåò | |||||||||||||
Äî 3
Ñâ. 3 äî 6
Ñâ. 6 äî 10
Ñâ. 10 äî 18
Ñâ. 18 äî 30
Ñâ. 30 äî 50
Ñâ. 50 äî 80
 Ñâ. 80 äî 120
Ñâ. 120 äî 180
Ñâ. 180 äî 250
Ñâ. 250 äî 315
Ñâ. 315 äî 400
Ñâ. 400 äî 500
|
Ï ð è ì å ÷ à í è å. Äëÿ ðàçìåðîâ äî 1 ìì êâàëèòåòû îò 14-ãî äî 17-ãî íå ïðèìåíÿþòñÿ.
 |
ÏÐÈËÎÆÅÍÈÅ 2
Çíà÷åíèÿ îñíîâíûõ îòêëîíåíèé âàëà, ìêì (ÃÎÑÒ 25346-89)
| Èíòåðâàë ðàçìåðà, ìì | Âåðõíåå îòêëîíåíèå es | ||||||||
| a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | Js | |
| Äî 3 | –270 | –140 | –60 | –20 | -14 | -6 | -2 | Ïðåäåëüíûå îòêëîíåíèÿ ðàâíû ± I T 2 | |
| Ñâ. 3 äî 6 | –270 | –140 | –70 | –30 | -20 | -10 | -4 | ||
| Ñâ. 6 äî 10 | –280 | –150 | –80 | –40 | -25 | -13 | -5 | ||
| Ñâ. 10 äî 14 Ñâ. 14 äî 18 | –290 | –150 | –95 | –50 | –32 | –15 | –6 | ||
| Ñâ. 18 äî 24 Ñâ. 24 äî 30 | –300 | –160 | –110 | –65 | –40 | –20 | –7 | ||
| Ñâ. 30 äî 40 | –360 | –170 | –120 | –80 | –50 | –25 | –9 | ||
 Ñâ. 40 äî 50
| –320 | –180 | –130 | ||||||
| Ñâ. 50 äî 65 | –340 | –190 | –140 | –100 | –60 | –30 | –10 | ||
| Ñâ. 65 äî 80 | –360 | –200 | –150 | ||||||
| Ñâ. 80 äî 100 | –380 | –220 | –170 | –120 | –72 | –36 | –12 | ||
| Ñâ. 100 äî 120 | –410 | –240 | –180 | ||||||
| Ñâ. 120 äî 140 | –460 | –260 | –200 | –145 | –85 | –43 | –14 | ||
| Ñâ. 140 äî 160 | –520 | –280 | –210 | ||||||
| Ñâ. 160 äî 180 | –580 | –310 | –230 | ||||||
| Ñâ. 180 äî 200 | –660 | –340 | –240 | –170 | –100 | –50 | –15 | ||
| Ñâ. 200 äî 225 | –740 | –380 | –260 | ||||||
| Ñâ. 225 äî 250 | –820 | –420 | –280 | ||||||
| Ñâ. 250 äî 280 | –920 | –480 | –300 | –190 | –110 | –56 | –17 | ||
| Ñâ. 280 äî 315 | –1050 | –540 | –330 | ||||||
| Ñâ. 315 äî 355 | –1200 | –600 | –360 | –210 | –125 | –62 | –18 | ||
| Ñâ. 355 äî 400 | –1350 | –680 | –400 |
 | |||
 | |||
Î ê î í ÷ à í è å ï ð è ë. 2
| Èíòåðâàë ðàçìåðà, ìì | Íèæíåå îòêëîíåíèè åi | ||||||||||||
| ê | m | n | p | r | s | t | u | v | x | y | z | ||
| 4 - 7 êâàëè-òåòû | Ñâ. 7-ãî êâàëè-òåòà | ||||||||||||
| Äî 3 | +2 | +4 | +6 | +10 | +14 | – | +18 | – | +20 | – | +26 | ||
| Ñâ. 3 äî 6 | +1 | +4 | +8 | +12 | +15 | +19 | – | +23 | – | +28 | – | +35 | |
| Ñâ. 6 äî 10 | +1 | +6 | +10 | +15 | +19 | +23 | – | +28 | – | +34 | – | +42 | |
| Ñâ. 10 äî 14 Ñâ. 14 äî 18 | +1 | +7 | +12 | +18 | +23 | +28 | – | +33 | – | +40 | – | +50 | |
| +39 | +45 | – | +60 | ||||||||||
| Ñâ. 18 äî 24 Ñâ. 24 äî 30 | +2 | +8 | +15 | +22 | +28 | +35 | – | +41 | +47 | +54 | +63 | +73 | |
| +41 | +48 | +55 | +64 | +75 | +88 | ||||||||
| Ñâ. 30 äî 40 | +2 | +9 | +17 | +26 | +34 | +43 | +48 | +60 | +68 | +80 | +94 | +112 | |
| Ñâ. 40 äî 50 | +54 | +70 | +81 | +97 | +114 | +136 | |||||||
 Ñâ. 50 äî 65
| +2 | +11 | +20 | +32 | +41 | +53 | +66 | +87 | +102 | +122 | +144 | +172 | |
| Ñâ. 65 äî 80 | +43 | +59 | +75 | +102 | +120 | +146 | +174 | +210 | |||||
| Ñâ. 80 äî 100 | +3 | +13 | +23 | +37 | +51 | +71 | +91 | +124 | +146 | +178 | +214 | +258 | |
| Ñâ. 100 äî 120 | +54 | +79 | +104 | +144 | +172 | +210 | +254 | +310 | |||||
| Ñâ. 120 äî 140 | +3 | +15 | +27 | +43 | +63 | +92 | +122 | +170 | +202 | +248 | +300 | +365 | |
| Ñâ. 140 äî 160 | +65 | +100 | +134 | +199 | +228 | +280 | +340 | +415 | |||||
| Ñâ. 160 äî 180 | +68 | +108 | +146 | +210 | +252 | +310 | +380 | +465 | |||||
| Ñâ. 180 äî 200 | +4 | +17 | +31 | +50 | +77 | +122 | +166 | +236 | +284 | +350 | +425 | +520 | |
| Ñâ. 200 äî 225 | +80 | +130 | +180 | +258 | +310 | +385 | +470 | +575 | |||||
| Ñâ. 225 äî 250 | +84 | +140 | +196 | +284 | +340 | +425 | +520 | +640 | |||||
| Ñâ. 250 äî 280 | +4 | +20 | +34 | +56 | +94 | +158 | +218 | +315 | +385 | +475 | +580 | +710 | |
| Ñâ. 280 äî 315 | +98 | +170 | +240 | +350 | +425 | +525 | +650 | +790 | |||||
| Ñâ. 315 äî 355 | +4 | +21 | +37 | +62 | +108 | +190 | +268 | +390 | +475 | +590 | +730 | +900 | |
| Ñâ. 355 äî 400 | +114 | +208 | +294 | +435 | +530 | +660 | +820 | +1000 |
ÏÐÈËÎÆÅÍÈÅ 3
Çíà÷åíèÿ îñíîâíûõ îòêëîíåíèé îòâåðñòèé, ìêì (ÃÎÑÒ 25346-89)
| Èíòåðâàë ðàçìåðà, ìì | Íèæíåå îòêëîíåíèå EI, ìêì | ||||||||
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | Js | |
| Âñå êâàëèòåòû | |||||||||
| Äî 3 | +270 | +140 | +60 | +20 | +14 | +6 | +2 | Ïðåäåëüíûå îòêëîíåíèÿ ðàâíû ± I T | |
| Ñâ. 3 äî 6 | +270 | +140 | +70 | +30 | +20 | +10 | +4 | ||
| Ñâ. 6 äî 10 | +280 | +150 | +80 | +40 | +25 | +13 | +5 | ||
| Ñâ. 10 äî 14 Ñâ. 14 äî 18 | +290 | +150 | +95 | +50 | +32 | +16 | +6 | ||
| Ñâ. 18 äî 24 Ñâ. 24 äî 30 | +300 | +160 | +110 | +65 | +40 | +20 | +7 | ||
| Ñâ. 30 äî 40 | +310 | +170 | +120 | +80 | +50 | +25 | +9 | ||
| Ñâ. 40 äî 50 | +320 | +180 | +130 | ||||||
 Ñâ. 50 äî 65
| +340 | +190 | +140 | +100 | +60 | +30 | +10 | ||
| Ñâ. 65 äî 80 | +360 | +200 | +150 | ||||||
| Ñâ. 80 äî 100 | +380 | +220 | +170 | +120 | +72 | +36 | +12 | ||
| Ñâ. 100 äî 120 | +410 | +240 | +180 | ||||||
| Ñâ. 120 äî 140 | +460 | +260 | +200 | +145 | +85 | +43 | +14 | ||
| Ñâ. 140 äî 160 | +520 | +280 | +210 | ||||||
| Ñâ. 160 äî 180 | +580 | +310 | +230 | ||||||
| Ñâ. 180 äî 200 | +660 | +340 | +240 | +170 | +100 | +50 | +15 | ||
| Ñâ. 200 äî 225 | +740 | +380 | +260 | ||||||
| Ñâ. 225 äî 250 | +820 | +420 | +280 | ||||||
| Ñâ. 250 äî 280 | +920 | +480 | +300 | +190 | +110 | +56 | +17 | ||
| Ñâ. 280 äî 315 | +1050 | +540 | +330 | ||||||
| Ñâ. 315 äî 355 | +1200 | +600 | +360 | +210 | +125 | +62 | +18 | ||
| Ñâ. 355 äî 400 | +1350 | +680 | +400 |
 |
Î ê î í ÷ à í è å ï ð è ë. 3
| Èíòåðâàë ðàçìåðà, ìì | Âåðõíåå îòêëîíåíèå ES | D, ìêì | |||||||||||||||||||
| K | M | N | îò Ð äî Y | P | R | S | T | U | V | X | Y | ||||||||||
| Êâàëèòåò | |||||||||||||||||||||
| äî 8-ãî | ñâ. 8-ãî | äî 8-ãî | ñâ. 8-ãî | äî 7-ãî | Ñâûøå 7-ãî | ||||||||||||||||
| Äî 3 | –2 | –2 | –4 | –4 | Îòêëîíåíèå êàê äëÿ êâàëèòåòà ñâûøå 7-ãî, óâåëè÷åíèå íà D | –6 | –10 | –14 | – | –18 | – | –20 | – | ||||||||
| Ñâ. 3 äî 6 | –1+D | –4+D | –4 | –8+D | –12 | –15 | –19 | – | –23 | – | –28 | – | 1,5 | ||||||||
| Ñâ. 6 äî 10 | –1+D | –6+D | –6 | –10+D | –15 | –19 | –23 | – | –28 | – | –34 | – | 1,5 | ||||||||
| Ñâ. 10 äî 14 Ñâ. 14 äî 18 | –1+D | –7+D | –7 | –12+D | –18 | –23 | –28 | – | –33 | – | –40 | – | |||||||||
| –39 | –45 | – | |||||||||||||||||||
Ñâ. 18 äî 24
 Ñâ. 24 äî 30
| –2+D | –8+D | –8 | –15+D | –22 | –28 | –35 | – | –41 | –47 | –54 | –63 | 1,5 | ||||||||
| –41 | –48 | –55 | –64 | –75 | |||||||||||||||||
| Ñâ. 30 äî 40 Ñâ. 40 äî 50 | –2+D | –9+D | –9 | –17+D | –26 | –34 | –43 | –48 | –60 | –68 | –80 | –94 | 1,5 | ||||||||
| –54 | –70 | –81 | –97 | –114 | |||||||||||||||||
| Ñâ. 50 äî 65 Ñâ. 65 äî 80 | –2+D | –11+D | –11 | –20+D | –32 | –41 | –53 | –66 | –87 | –102 | –122 | –144 | |||||||||
| –43 | –59 | –75 | –102 | –120 | –146 | –174 | |||||||||||||||
| Ñâ. 80 äî 100 Ñâ. 100 äî 120 | –3+D | –13+D | –13 | –23+D | –37 | –51 | –71 | –91 | –124 | –146 | –178 | –214 | |||||||||
| –54 | –79 | –104 | –144 | –172 | –210 | –254 | |||||||||||||||
| Ñâ. 120 äî 140 Ñâ. 140 äî 160 Ñâ. 160 äî 180 | –3+D | –15+D | –15 | –27+D | –43 | –63 | –92 | –122 | –170 | –202 | –248 | –300 | |||||||||
| –65 | –100 | –134 | –190 | –228 | –280 | –340 | |||||||||||||||
| –68 | –108 | –146 | –210 | –252 | –310 | –380 | |||||||||||||||
| Ñâ. 180 äî 200 Ñâ. 200 äî 225 Ñâ. 225 äî 250 | –4+D | –17+D | –17 | –31+D | –50 | –77 | –122 | –166 | –236 | –284 | –350 | –425 | |||||||||
| –80 | –130 | –180 | –258 | –310 | –385 | –470 | |||||||||||||||
| –84 | –140 | –196 | –284 | –340 | –425 | –520 | |||||||||||||||
| Ñâ. 250 äî 280 Ñâ. 280 äî 315 | –4+D | –20+D | –20 | –34+D | –56 | –94 | –158 | –218 | –315 | –385 | –475 | –580 | |||||||||
| –98 | –170 | –240 | –350 | –425 | –525 | –650 | |||||||||||||||
| Ñâ. 315 äî 355 Ñâ. 355 äî 400 | –4+D | –21+D | –21 | –37+D | –62 | –108 | –190 | –268 | –390 | –475 | –590 | –730 | |||||||||
| –114 | –208 | –294 | –435 | –530 | –660 | –820 | |||||||||||||||
ÏÐÈËÎÆÅÍÈÅ 4
Ðåêîìåíäóåìûå ïîñàäêè â ñèñòåìå îòâåðñòèÿ (ÃÎÑÒ 25347-89)
| Îñíîâ-íîå îòâåðñ-òèå | Îñíîâíîå îòêëîíåíèå âàëà | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | js | k | m | n | p | r | s | t | u | v | x | z | |||||
| Ïîñàäêà | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| H5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | H5 g4 | H5 h4 | H5 js4 | H5 k4 | H5 m4 | H5 n4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||
| H6 | - | - | - | - | - | H6 f6 | H6 g5 | H6 h5 | H6 js5 | H6 k5 | H6 m5 | H6 n5 | H6 p5 | H6 r5 | H6 s5 | - | - | - | - | - | ||||
| H7 | - | - | H7 c8 | H7 d8 | H7 e7 | H7 e8 | H7 f7 | H7 g6 | H7 h6 | H7 js6 | H7 k6 | H7 m6 | H7 n6 | H7 p6 | H7 r6 | H7 s6 | H7 s7 | H7 t6 | H7 u7 | - | - | - | ||
| H8 | - | - | H8 c8 | H8 d8 | H8 e8 | H8 f7 | H8 f8 | - | H8 h7 | H8 h8 | H8 js7 | H8 k7 | H8 m7 | H8 n7 | - | - | H8 s7 | H8 u8 | - | H8 x8 | H8 z8 | |||
| - | - | - | H8 d9 | H8 e9 | H8 f9 | - | H8 h9 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||
 H9
| - | - | - | H9 d9 | H9 e8 | H9 e9 | H9 f8 | H9 f9 | - | H9 h8 | H9 h9 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| H10 | - | - | - | H10 d10 | - | - | - | H10 h9 | H10 h10 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
| H11 | H11 a11 | H11 b11 | H11 c11 | H11 d11 | - | - | - | H11 h11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||
| H12 | - | H12 b12 | - | - | - | - | - | H12 h12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||
| - ïðåäïî÷òèòåëüíûå ïîñàäêè. |
Ï ð è ì å ÷ à í è å.
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Ó÷åáíîå èçäàíèå
ÂÎËÊΠÂÿ÷åñëàâ Ìèõàéëîâè÷
ÐÅÊÎÌÅÍÄÓÅÌÛÅ ÏÎÑÀÄÊÈ È
ÏÎËß ÄÎÏÓÑÊÎÂ
_____________________________
Ðåäàêòîð Ò. Ñ. Ïàðøèêîâà
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Ïîäïèñàíî â ïå÷àòü 12.2006. Ôîðìàò 60´84 1/16.
Ïëîñêàÿ ïå÷àòü. Áóìàãà îôñåòíàÿ. Óñë. ïå÷. ë.1,25. Ó÷.-èçä. ë.1,4.
Òèðàæ 300 ýêç. Çàêàç.
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Ðåäàêöèîííî-èçäàòåëüñêèé îòäåë ÎìÃÓÏÑà
Òèïîãðàôèÿ ÎìÃÓÏÑà
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Íå íàøëè, ÷òî èñêàëè? Âîñïîëüçóéòåñü ïîèñêîì: