The Bauman Moscow State Technical University.

The BMSTU is the oldest Russian Technical University, one of the leading centers of higher education in our country. It was founded in 1830 by Emperor Nicholas I as the industrial school. Russia's developing industry needed skilled labour in many trades. So, the aim of the new school was to train qualified artisans with a solid theoretical background to improve and spread skills in various trades all over Russia. Such famous Russian scientists as Zhukovsky, Tchaplygin, Vavilov were among the founders of the School.

By 1868 the academic standards of the school had been so high that it was reorganized into a special institution of higher learning (Imperial Moscow Technical School). Its major task was to train mechanics in construction, engineering and manufacturing.

In 1930 the school was named after Nickolay Bauman who hadn't been its student but carried on revolutionary propaganda among the students up to 1905.

The following famous scientists and specialists graduated from the school: Academicians A. Tupolev, S. Korolev and many other aircraft and rocket designers and developers; Academician N. Dollezhal, chief designer of atomic piles; Academician S. Lebedev, chief computer designer and others.

In 1989 the Moscow Higher Technical School was renamed into the Bauman Moscow State Technical University which is distinguished for high- level scientific and engineering training of students, extensive relations with industries, good traditions and high professional and moral requirements. The students of the BMSTU can choose between 13 faculties and more than 50 specialities.

For its great contribution to Russian science and industry the MSTU has been awarded three orders: the Order of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution and the brder of the Red Banner of Labour.

Pyotr Kapitsa

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa made his appearance in physics at the turn of the century when this science was going through hard times. In those years Russia had a total of no more than a hundred pro­fessional physicists.

Pyotr Kapitsa - the son of a general, a prominent military en­gineer - was keenly interested in physics while still at a technical high school. Technical high school graduates had no right to enter the University. As a result, Kapitsa became a student of the electromechanical faculty of Petersburg's Peter the Great Polytechnical Institute.

In 1921 three of our prominent scientists were sent abroad to renew scientific contacts. These scientists were Ioffe, Krylov and Kapitsa, then only 27.

Working at the world-famous Cavendish Laboratory in Britain headed by Ernest Rutherford, Kapitsa established an unusual record - he completed the laboratory course in two weeks instead of the usual two years. After that, Rutherford took personal interest in him and Kapitsa became his favourite pupil.

In 1934 Pyotr Kapitsa returned home. He was appointed Director of the Institute of Physical Problems. It was here that the outstanding scientist concentrated on the research of superlow temperatures. He discovered that at temperatures of slightly over 2 degrees short of the absolute zero, helium practically loses its viscosity and becomes superfluid.

After the war Kapitsa ventured into an entirely new field of science and technology - high power electronics. He offered a con­vincing mathematical substitution of the fact that the electrons are capable of transmitting millions of kilowatts of power over great distances.

In 1978 for his numerous researches Pyotr Kapitsa was awarded the Nobel prise. It is not necessary to list all his academic titles be­cause his name speaks for itself. In the history of physics there are few names that can be placed next to his.

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