Customs and Traditions in Great Britain

Some English customs and traditions are famous all over the world. Bowler hats, tea and talking about the weather, for example. From Scotland to Cornwall, the United Kingdom is full of customs and traditions. Here are some of them.

St. Valentine's is the saint of people in love, and St. Valentine's Day is February 14th. On that day, people send valentine cards and presents to their husbands, wives, boyfriends and girlfriends. You can also send a card to a person you don't know. But traditionally you must never write your name on it. Some British newspapers have a page for Valentine's Day messages on February 14th.

April, 1 is April Fool's Day in Great Britain. This is a very old tradition from the middle Ages. At that time servants were masters for one day of the year. Now April Fool’s Day is different. It's a day for jokes and tricks.

May, 1 was an important day in the middle Ages. In the very early morning young girl went to fields and washed their faces with dew. They believed this made them very beautiful for a year after that. Also on May Day young men of each village tried to win prizes with their bows and arrows, and people danced round the Maypole.

November, 5 is Guy Fawkes's Day. All over the country people built wood fires, or «bonfires», in their gardens. On top of each bonfire is a guy, this is a figure of Guy Fawkes. On November, 5 1665, Guy Fawkes tried to kill King James I. He and a group of his friends put a bomb under the Houses of Parliament in London. But the king's men found the bomb and Guy Fawkes. They took him to the Tower of London, where his head was cut off. Before November 5, children use guys to make money. They stand in the street and shout: “Penny for the guy”.

Another popular British tradition is Halloween, celebrated on October 31, the eve of All Saints' Day. Halloween customs date back to a time when people believed in devils, witches and ghosts. They thought that they could do all kinds of damage to property. Some people tried to ward off witches by painting magic signs or nailing a horseshoe. Now most people do not believe in evil spirits. Today the day is usually marked by costume balls or fancy-dress parties and is a popular tradition with young people and children.

On the night of Halloween children or grown-ups visit houses and ask the residents if they want «trick» or «treat». If the people in the house give the children a «treat» (usually money or sweets), then the children will not play a trick on them. Another Halloween custom is to scrape out a pumpkin, cutting eyes, nose and mouth in its side and lighting a candle inside, this is made to scare their friends.

Topical Vocabulary

1. Answer the questions:

1. What proves that the United Kingdom is a country of traditions?

2. How is St. Valentine's Day marked?

3. What is April Fool's Day?

4. What are the old traditions of May Day?

5. Why is the guy put on top of the bonfire on November, 5?

2. Translate into English:

1. Соединенное Королевство полно обычаев и традиций, известных во всем мире.

2. День Святого Валентина, святого влюбленных, отмечается 14 февраля.

3. 1 апреля – день смеха, день шуток и проделок.

4. 1 мая – праздник прихода (coming) весны.

5. 5 ноября люди сооружают большие костры и сжигают (burn) фигуру Гая Фокса.

6. Гай Фокс жил в 17 веке и пытался подложить бомбу под парламент.

7. Заговор (plot) был раскрыт, Гая Фокса посадили в Тауэр и отрубили ему голову.

UNIT 5

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