Emperor Caligula made his horse a consul

Caligula’s love for his horse, Incitatus, was well known in his time and in present times. Besides a stall of marble, he even gave his horse a house, a troop of slaves and furniture, and it is also said that he planned to make it consul…

TASK 24. Revision: Translate the sentences, paying attention to the non-finite verb forms:

1. Meeting her seemed a good end to the day.

2. What he had always wanted was doing what he liked.

3. They enjoyed having a guest that evening.

4. She stopped speaking as if waiting for him to speak.

6. I don't want her to make a habit of being late.

7. Strictly speaking their presence is not necessary.

8. It is a matter of common experience that water expands when freez­ing.

9. He insisted on taking part in the conference.

10. I am surprised at his being awarded the prize.

11. Carrying out experiments is a must with every scientist.

12. He carried the crate to the car parked in the narrow passage behind the house.

13. The substance obtained was thoroughly investigated.

14. The properties of the substances involved are as yet not clearly under-stood.

15. Hydrogen is the lightest element known.

16. The equipment needed for the experiment was carefully checked.

TASK 25. Test translation: Translate the sentences, paying attention to the non-finite verb forms and verbal structures:

1. My report to be submitted to the upcoming Symposium emphatically rejects the possibility itself of such view.

2. An extensive research work to acquire reliable data was launched last year.

3. After much debate we did not agree the way to represent our latest findings.

4. The new research plan is expected to define the objectives and set the wide perspective for our work.

5. In his report he is likely to emphasize the necessity of profound rethinking of methodology.

6. They wanted the executors to follow the procedure strictly.

7. Having realized all possible consequences of this step we decided to abstain from it.

8. This subject matter promoted by the participation of our leading scholars will soon become the dominant.

9. The data collected were considered to be insufficient.

10. The excavation was supposed to be completed in that site.

11. The question having been raised closer to the end of the seminar, we had no time to cover it in full.

12. Though having studied German at school for several years, he was unable to translate scientific literature.

13. The academic council was established at our university many years ago, many postgraduates having defended their theses in it.

Conditional Mood

TASK 26. Translate the sentences identifying the cases of Conditional in Indefinite verb form:

1. It is ur­gent that we debate the importance of such gatherings. 2. By about 1880 it seemed as if the world of science were fairly well explained. 3. Care should be taken that the packing be as uniform as possible. 4. The facts do not always answer our questions as unmistakably as might be desirable. 5. Even problems that would be termed "simple" nowadays could not be handled in a straightforward way. 6. This would be truer in some types of operations than in others. 7. Make exact calculations lest you should fail with your experiment. 8. He asked that they be permitted to return to their homes. 9. We might well compare the conditions thus created to the present conditions. 10. They did not mention the subject again lest it should occasion a fresh testing.

TASK 27. Translate the sentences paying attentions to the Conditional in the Perfect verb form:

1. Their communication would have been more vivid if it had been illustrated with examples. 2. The stock level could have been reduced still further if the tax laws had made this advanta­geous. 3. But for the lack of a reliable instrument the problem could have been solved long ago. 4. The system is in a state as if this transaction had never happened. 5. These conclusions are hopeful, while those of chapter 6 are less encouraging. 6. Such a privilege would necessarily have led to competition with the merchants.

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