POLITICAL PARTIES IN GREAT BRITAIN

Текст нужно перевести, выписывая незнакомые слова с переводом. Компьютерный и письменный переводы не допускаются!!!

1. The election in the House of Commons is held every five years and every person above the age of 18 has a vote. Voting is taken by secret ballot. The election campaign usually lasts about three weeks. All British parties take part in it, but the main parties which give the majority of members to the House, are the Conservative party, the Labour party and the Liberal Democratic party.

2. The Conservative party (or Tories) originated in the 17^th century and supported Church and King. Tory was an Irish term suggesting a papist outlaw, and was first applied in England as a political nickname to those who in the late 17th century supported the hereditary right of James II to succeed to the throne despite the fact that he was a Roman Catholic. It believes in free enterprise with private ownership preferred to state control.

3. In 1899 the Trade Union Congress summoned a special conference of trade unions and socialist bodies to make plans to represent labour in Parliament. The conference met in February 1900 in London and has always been looked on as the foundation of the Labour Party. The Labour Party believes that private ownership and enterprise should be allowed to flourish, but not at the expense of their traditional support of the public services.

4. There has been a Liberal Party in Great Britain since 1868 when the name was adopted by the Whig party, who in the 17-th century constituted the rising class of merchants and finance capitalists with a section of the most powerful of the landed aristocracy. The Whig party was created after the revolution of 1688 and aimed to subordinate the power of the Crown to that of Parliament and the upper classes. In 1981 the Social Democratic party was created by 24 Labour MPs. It soon formed an alliance with the Liberal party. They formed a single party which became the Liberal Democrats after the 1987 election. The Liberal Democrats believe that the state should have some control over the economy, but there should be individual ownership.

5. There are other political parties in the UK. The Green party offers economic and industrial policies that relate directly to the environment. The Scottish Nationalist Party wants independence for Scotland within the European Community. Plaid Cymru – the Welsh Nationalist Party – is determined to preserve the Welsh language and culture as the foundation of a distinctive Welsh identity within the UK. Its radical wing has resorted to arson attempts as a means of protest.

6. People who want to be elected to Parliament need to be nominated by one of the main political parties. A candidate has to put down a deposit of 500 pounds and collect ten signatures from residents in the constituency where he wants to stand. MPs represent everyone in the constituency, not just the people who voted for them. A lot of MPs’ work has nothing to do with voting in Parliament. There are hundreds of things MPs must deal with in the day-to-day business of constituency life, such as housing or health care. MPs are there to help people and to try to make sure their rights under the law are not violated. Some MPs hold an advice bureau in their constituencies, where people can go for advice.

papist outlaw – отступники-католики

Trade Union - профсоюзы

public services – общественные службы

MPs – members of Parliament

constituency – избирательный округ

to stand – баллотироваться

advice bureau – приемная граждан

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