Task 2. Answer the following questions.

1. What are the basic principles of human rights?

2. What does the Universal Declaration on Human Rights emphasize?

3. What does the principle of universality imply?

4. What do such characteristics of human rights as inalienability, interdependence and indivisibility presuppose?

5. Why is the 1993 Vienna World Conference on Human Rights so important for evolution of human rights?

6. What is a cross-cutting principle in international human rights law?

7. What obligations and duties do states assume under international law?

8. When did the Human Rights Watch start its activity?

9. What activities is the HRW engaged in?

10. What does the HRW Report 2015 say?

11. How has the concept of human rights changed throughout the decades?

LANGUAGE FOCUS

Task 1. Find collocations in the text with the following words:

rights freedoms obligations discrimination security

Task 2. Give Russian equivalents to the following collocations:

to respect/ to protect/ to promote/ to fulfill/ to defend/ to downplay/ to abandon/ to restrict human rights

human/ interrelated/ interdependent/ indivisible/ universal/ inalienable/ equal/ non-discriminatory rights

civil/ political/ economic/ social/ cultural rights

to betray/ to share/ to hold/ to undermine/ to recognize/ to reflect core/ fundamental values

to guarantee rights by law

customary international law

to give concrete expression to smth

to curtail the enjoyment of human rights

to protect smb against smth

to advance the cause of human rights

to raise human rights concerns

to lay down/ to create legal obligations

to refrain from smth/ doing smth

to enjoy universal protection/ rights/ freedoms

to prohibit discrimination on the basis of

to eliminate discrimination against

to give way to conflict and repression

to commit mass atrocities

to threaten civilians

to respond to the turmoil

take precedence over smth

to spark/ to meet security challenges

to spawn/ to aggravate/ to address a crisis

to impose limits on

to underpin a social and political order

to recognize human rights as moral guides

Task 3. Paraphrase the following collocations:

to be inherent to smb

to be entitled to smth

to facilitate advancement

to provide a central theme

to entail rights/ obligations

to assume obligations/duties

to investigate abuses

to secure justice

to uphold human dignity

security threats

to rebuild a moral fabric

to pay a long-term price

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