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THE TEEN-AGER CULTUREBRITISH EDUCATION British education has many critics and much of the criticism has a political basis. The system is supposed to provide equality to opportunity for all, J3utjt_has some inequality. The Education Act of 1944 was based on the philosophy that every child is to be educated according to his age, ability and aptitude. It places responsibility for carrying out this task on the shoulders of the school and the parents. Now, there are about 12 million children and young people in full-time attendance at schools, colleges and universities. The great majority of schools are publicly provided or aided. In Britain education is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 15. The academic year begins after the summer holidays and is divided into three "terms", with the intervals between them formed by the Christmas and Easter holidays. Day schools mostly work from Monday to Friday only, from about 9 a.m. to between 3 and 4 p.m. Lunch is provided and parents pay for it. 28% of all children stay at school beyond the age of fifteen, only 8 % of unskilled worker's children do so and only 1 % of children of unskilled workers receive full-time education beyond the age of eighteen, in comparison with 34 % of children of people in the professional class. This situation was generally regarded as unsatisfactory.
Британское образование
THE TEEN-AGER CULTURE Most of the problems teen-agers are seeking to solve were created for them by adults. People forget that teen-agers belong to another generation, with all the changes and problems, but also new ones, of which parents are frequently unaware, but which teen-agers have to solve. It is not a new problem. What has appeared, probably for the first time in the Western world is a teen-ager Culture, a way of life with which teen-agers as individuals identify themselves and which they find meaningful. The songs, the lyrics, the records, the dances, the clothes and the like are evidences of a clear dissociation from the adult world. Teen-agers have declared their independence of the adult world. And in all this they are encouraged by the world of business. The teen-ager Culture is a very big business. Such phenomena as the Beatles and their innumerable imitations would be impossible without the support of teen-agers and their industry.
Подросток КУЛЬТУРА
AEROBICS The magazines for teen-agers are a very profitable industry, and a large number of TV programs are designed for the same market. The "aerobics" Craze for Youth. Tens of thousands of people apply annually to run in the London, Manchester, Liverpool, etc. or other Marathons. Gymnasiums flourish today, people take up the "aerobic " system of exercise. You'll not find the word "aerobics" in many dictionaries but it means simply "with oxygen". "Aerobic exercise" is any form of exercises that increases your oxygen intake. Vigorous walking, jogging and running are forms of aerobic exercises, as well as dancing, swimming and cycling. Apart from being fun aerobics has a scientific basis. There are several beneficial effects. The heart becomes stronger and larger. Blood pressure drops and blood vessels also become stronger and more elastic. All this means that you are less likely to have heart attack. It will give you the healthy glen that is associated with fitness. Finally there's the question of weight. Research has shown that runners have weight less than nonrunners, even if they eat more, so aerobics will keep them slim, too.
АЭРОБИКА
FREE SCHOOL School Rules: "You mustn't smoke or wear make-up". "You must do you home-work on time". "You mustn't fight in the play ground". "you must. you must " etc. Even if you like school, it seems that someone is always telling you what to do. That is why a lot of children don't like school and now a few teachers believe this is why some kids don't learn. People learn better and faster when they have more choice in what they learn and when and how they learn it. At Free school, people believe that school should teach what the children need and what to learn. School should help a child to think for himself. There is no punishment for missing school. There are no compulsory lessons. Each child has one adult who follows his progress through the school. A lot happens outside school. They visit local factories, markets, shops, fire, police station. They visit exhibitions, go roller-skating, horse-riding, make trips to the country or the sea and go camping. They study special subjects such as photography, metal-work, pottery. Practical skills like painting and repairing a house are all done as part of the maintenance of the school. But there are very few Free schools in England.
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