Artificial Intelligence

• Artificial intelligence versus computational intelligence

• Capabilities and limitations: for example, learning to identify human emotions, evaluation of living things and machines (intuition, prior knowledge, judgment)

• AI techniques: searching, pattern recognition, face recognition, speech recognition

• Fuzzy logic

• Machine learning: can machines become independent?

• Natural language communication and translators

• Neural networks: similarity to biological systems

• Expert Systems: An expert system is a computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert, e.g. for medical diagnosis

Neural networks (for more information http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eE_DTWoOKka)
traditionally used to refer to a network of biological neurons. The term neural network is used to refer to artificial neural networks.

· Biological neural networks consist of real biological neurons that are connected to the central nervous system.

· Artificial neural networks consist of interconnecting artificial neurons (they mimic the properties of biological neurons). These networks may be used for solving AI problems without creating a model of a real biological system.

Expert Systems (the main article of this Unit is Larichev et al, 2001)

http://www.raai.org/library/papers/Larichev/Larichev_Asanov_Naryzhny_Strahov_2001.pdf)
An expert system is a computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert. The first expert systems were created in the 1970s and then proliferated in the 1980s. Expert systems were among the first truly successful forms of artificial intelligence software.
Expert systems are often used to advise non-experts in situations where a human expert is not available e.g. medical diagnosis, fault diagnosis (mechanics), financial management advice etc.

Face recognition

What is fuzzy logic? (The main video https://sjhobbs.wikispaces.com/Robotics,+AI+and+Expert+System)
Fuzzy logic is basically a way to program machines so they look at the world in a more human way, with degrees of truth. Instead of cold, hard parameters and strict data sets, fuzzy logic assumes a more practical approach. Using numbers, it incorporates non-definitive words like "slightly" or "almost" into its decision-making processes.

Task 2. Read Topic 2 & 3 extracts and translate the following sentences from English into Russian.

1. The famous astrophysicist said he believed technology would eventually become self-aware and supersede humanity, as it developed faster than biological evolution.

2. Robotics is the branch of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and computer science that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots, as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing.

3. Hawking now uses a system that incorporates predictive text, allowing him to type twice as quickly as before and send emails ten times faster. “Medicine has not been able to cure me, so I rely on technology to help me communicate and live,” he said.

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