Management a)Theory X and Theory Y

American theorist Mc Gregor outlined two opposing theories of work and motivation The Theory X and The Theory Y. Theory X is the traditional approach to workers and working which assumes that people are lazy and dislike work, and that they have to be both threatened and rewarded. It assumes that people are incapable of taking responsibility for themselves and have to be looked after. Theory Y, on the contrary, assumes that people have a psychological need to work and want achievement and responsibility.

Many people assume that Theory Y is more “progressive” and an advance on Theory X. But later theorists argued that it makes much greater demands on both workers and managers than Mc Gregor realized. Maslow studying one company that used theory Y concluded that it demands for responsibility and achievement are excessive for many people. He pointed out that there are always weak people with little self-discipline, who need protection against the burden(ноша) of responsibility. Even strong and healthy people need the security of order and direction. Managers cannot simply substitute Theory Y for Theory X. They have to replace the security provided by Theory X with a different structure of security and certainty.

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