Distinctive and non-distinctive features of English consonants

Relevant features make up the basis of the phonological description, while irrelevant features are redundant from the phonological point of view but still very important for the articulation of the sounds.

Most phoneticians agree that relevant features of English consonants are: degree of noise;

1. place of articulation;

2. manner of articulation.

Manner of articulation (Васильев’s point of view):

1. Occlusive

1.1. noise

1.1.1. plosives [b],[d],[g]; [p],[t],[k]

1.1.2. affricates [ʤ], [ʧ]

1.2. sonorants [m], [n], [ŋ]

2. Constrictive

2.1. noise [f],[v],[s],[z],[θ],[ð],[ʃ],[ʒ],[h]

2.2. sonorants

2.2.1. lateral [l]

2.2.2. medial [w],[r],[j] (й)

Place of articulation:

1. Labial

1.1. bilabial [p],[b], [m], [w]

1.2. labio-dental [f], [v]

2. Lingual

2.1. forelingual

2.1.1. interdental [θ],[ð]

2.1.2. alveolar [t],[d],[s],[z],[n],[l]

2.1.3. post-alveolar [r]

2.1.4. palate-alveolar [ʃ],[ʒ], [ʤ], [ʧ]

2.2. medialingual [j]

2.3. backlingual [k],[g],[ŋ]

3. Glottal [h]

Degree of noise (Соколова’s point of view):

1. Noise

1.1. occlusive [p],[b],[t],[d],[k],[g]

1.2. constrictive [f],[v],[s],[z], [θ],[ð],[ʃ],[ʒ],[h]

1.3. occlusive-constrictive [ʤ], [ʧ]

2. Sonorants

2.1. occlusive [m],[n], [ŋ]

2.2. constrictive

2.2.1. medial [w],[r],[j]

2.2.2. lateral [l]

Noise consonsants:

1. Fortis – all voiceless, [p], [k], [t]

2. Lenis – all voiced, [b], [g], [d]

Summary

Functionally relevant articulatory features of English consonants are:

· degree of noise;

· place of articulation;

· manner of articulation.

The following characteristics have no phonological value. They are indispensable features and are considerably important in teaching English phonetics:

· palatalization;

· aspiration;

· nasalization

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