Section 1: LISTENING

Task: Listen to the telephone conversation and complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Section 2: READING

Task: Read the information below and choose the best answer.

British management

According to an article in Management Today, the British manager still stops work for tea. The French managing director of Novotel, the hotel group, tells what happened at his first management meeting when he took over its English operation in 1991:

“The meeting was in the afternoon, and it got to about 3.30 and everyone started looking at their watches. I didn’t know what was going on I turned to my secretary, who was English, and she said that they probably wanted to break for tea. I couldn’t understand it. In France we just carry on until we have finished. Now we always break for tea.”

I am not sure how many English managers now break for tea. Not that many, I imagine. Twenty years ago it was commonplace. I will never forget a Canadian sales director, pink with fury, telling me at that time how he had been offered tea and biscuits at three in the afternoon in Northampton: “I come three thousand miles, and take three taxis and a damn steam engine into the sticks, and I wanna do business, and this guy gives me a ‘nice cup of Chine tea and a biccy’.What Is he?” Mind you, this was the same man who in Rome told his Italian agent that the Colosseum would make a nice parking lot.

It is not so much the cup of tea as the pint of bitter that managers from outside Britain find a bar to efficiency. In the article, a German manager tells how when he first took over a job in Britain, he discovered that at lunchtime and especially on Fridays, the majority of his management team left for the pub. He says: “I stopped that right away. Now they are not allowed off the premises. It didn’t make me very popular at the time but it is not good for efficiency. There is no way we would do that in Germany. No way.”

According to European managers the British are still too concerned with class and status. A German says: “People say that the class system is a hindrance to progress and then two weeks later you overhear them discussing a colleague and saying, ‘Well, he is not very well-spoken, is he?’” And another says: “The class gaps translate into big gulfs in the pay league, too. In Germany, I might earn three times more than my secretary. Here it is five times.”

Some criticisms are rather like those leveled at Japanese management. For example, talking about status, a Dutch manager says: “A director is God here. They respect him and think that he is right even when he is wrong. It’s quite difficult to have an open conversation. People will not say ‘I disagree’.”

Too great an interest in money is also criticized. A Dutch manager says: “My first impression on coming to Britain was that profit seemed to be the most important thing.” And Frenchman points out the difference between the UK and France: “In France there is no pressure on the bottom line.”

The French manager also points out a difference in educational standards: “In France all the secretaries, or personal assistants as we call them, would have degrees. You wouldn’t consider recruiting one without a degree. So, that means you can delegate much more to the secretaries in France. In the UK you cannot do that so much.”

1. In the middle of the afternoon

1. everyone checked their watches.
2. hinted that it was teatime.
3. took a break.
4. noticed it was 3.30.

1. In the past

1. managers usually had a tea break.
2. offered visitors China tea.
3. wasted a lot of time drinking tea.
4. drank a lot of tea.

1. The Canadian

1. was impressed by the Englishman’s good manners.
2. had traveled a long way.
3. liked to do business.
4. considered his time was being wasted.

1. Why did the Canadian say the Colosseum would make a nice parking lot?

1. He had nowhere to park.
2. He was joking.
3. He was worried about Rome’s traffic problems.
4. He was envious of Italy’s glorious past.

1. The German didn’t like his managers going to the pub because

1. he was against drinking.
2. they got drunk.
3. it made them inefficient.
4. he believed playing sports would be better for them.

1. To stop them going to the pub, the managers

1. were ordered to stay in the office.
2. were given free lunches in the office.
3. played team games in the lunch-hour.
4. had meetings at lunchtime.

1. In Britain, managers are paid much more than their secretaries because of

1. sexism.
2. education.
3. class.
4. elocution.

1. English and Japanese managers are similar in that they

1. are tactful.
2. like tea.
3. avoid disagreement.
4. have a superiority complex.

1. In comparison with the British secretary, a French secretary

1. is better paid.
2. has more status.
3. is better spoken.
4. can take more responsibility.

1. In comparison with the French secretary, a British secretary

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