Proton witny engines 7 страница

WORD LIST

abnormal [Xb7nO:mEl] ненормальный, неправильный, аномальный, отклоняющийся от нормы, необычный

overall [7EuvErO:l] полный, общий, от начала до конца, всеобщий, всеобъемлющий, абсолютный, повсюду, везде, повсеместно, полностью, в (общем и) целом

reliant [ri7laiEnt] уверенный, полагающийся на себя, на свои силы; самонадеянный; доверчивый

scroll [skrEul] прокручивать изображение в окне, скроллировать

simplify [7simplifai] упрощать, делать более простым, лёгким; становиться более простым, лёгким

therefore [79BEfO:] по этой причине, вследствие этого, поэтому, следовательно

QUESTIONS:

1. Why isn’t everyone satisfied with the glass cockpit?

2. Where is computer reliance often seen?

3. Why is the glass cockpit too complex for pilots?

4. Why were older instruments easier?

5. What has helped the pilots to be more focused on what the aircraft is doing?

6. Why is the trend towards fully computerised instrumentation growing?

² T7.9

A: Good morning listeners, and welcome to 'Working Life,' the program that's all about jobs. This morning my guest is Dr Robin Макет, who's going to tell us about a survey of United Airlines (UA) workers that he has just completed. Good morning, Dr Макет. Welcome to 'Working Life'.

B: Good morning, Jo. It's a pleasure to be here.

A: Let's start with some background information. Can you tell our listeners who you interviewed?

B: Yes, we interviewed 250 people who work for UA in various full-time jobs around the world.

A: Men and women?

B: Yes, men and women, yep.

A: And what were you trying to find out?

B: Well, we wanted to know how many hours they were working on average, and then, how they felt about their jobs.

A: Hmmm. I'm really interested in this question of how they felt about their work. What exactly did you ask them?

B: Well, we asked them two questions: the first one was 'How happy are you with your job?' and we asked them to rate their level of satisfaction on a scale of one to ten, with one meaning not at all happy, and ten meaning completely happy.

A: I see. So if they hated their job, they would answer one...

B: That's right.

A: … and if they loved it, they might answer nine or ten.

B: Exactly!

A: Did anyone answer zero?

B: No, but several people answered ten.

A: Really!! And what was your second question?

B: Our second question was, 'How stressed do you feel at work?' And again, we asked them to use a scale of one to ten, with one meaning no stress, and ten meaning very, very stressed.

A: That sounds interesting! And what did you find out?

WORD LIST

average [7Xv(E)rid3] средний, среднее число, средняя величина

background [7bXkgraund] условие, исходные данные, предпосылка; происхождение, биографические данные; связи, окружение (всё, что связано с жизнью человека)

survey [7sE:vei] опрос, анкетирование, обозрение, осмотр

various [7vBEriEs] различный, разный, разнообразный, многосторонний, разносторонний

QUESTIONS:

1. What is the program “Working Life” about?

2. What has Dr Robert Maker just completed?

3. How many people were interviewed?

4. What did he want to know?

5. What was the level of satisfaction?

6. What was the second question?

² T 7.10

B: Well, when it comes to job satisfaction, our results were very clear. The more money you earn, the more satisfied you are likely to be with your job.

A: Can you give me some figures?

B: Yes. The lowest paid workers, such as the luggage handlers, that we interviewed – that is, those who earned less than $25,000 a year – rated their job satisfaction at 2.3, on average.

A: That’s not very high, is it?

B: No, it is not. On the other hand, people who earned high salaries, such as the senior pilots and executives, were very happy with their jobs. Those who were earning more than $150,000 rated their happiness at 9.5.

A: Nine point five! Wow, that’s amazing.

B: The next group down, the other pilots and managers earning $100,000 plus, came in at 8.5, just ahead of those on $75,000 or more. They scored 8.4. For the $50,000 plus group, the figure was 7.0.

A: Those are quite high scores.

B: Yes. Even those on fairly low salaries, $25,000 or more, were more or less happy with their jobs. They scored themselves at 5.3.

A: Mmm, but what about stress? Were the workers on low salaries less stressed than those on higher pay?

B: Well, there our results were not so predictable. For example, workers in the lowest pay group scored 4.7 on the stress scale, while the next group up, the $25,000 plus group, said they felt very little stress – only 2.8. Perhaps the lowest paid workers are more stressed about money – you’ know, paying the bills, educating their kids, just making ends meet.

A: That’s interesting!

B: Yeah. Then, the people who are earning fairly good salaries seem to have very high stress levels. Those who were earning $50,000 or more rated their stress at 7.2. The $75,000 plus group came in at 9.5…

A: 9.5! That’s terrible!

B: Mmm, I know! And those on $100,000 or more had a score of 8.

A: And the highest salary group?

B: Well, interestingly they rated their stress levels at an average of 7.4.

WORD LIST

rate [reit] норма, размер; уровень; величина (в расчете на единицу чего-либо); показатель, коэффициент, ставка, тариф, расценка

senior [7si:njE] старший

score [skO:] сумма долга, задолженность (в магазине, ресторане и т.д.); подсчитать

QUESTIONS:

1. How did the lowest paid workers rate their job satisfaction?

2. Who was very happy with their jobs?

3. Why were the results of the stress scale not so predictable?

4. Who has very high and very low stress levels?

² T 7.12

It sure is great to be home. We arrived in Melbourne yesterday after a 10-hour flight from Hong Kong. We’ve decided to move back home after a lot of discussion. We were given a choice between Melbourne and KL when I received a promotion earlier this year. KL would’ve been good, but my wife, Julie, wanted to be closer to her family. It will mean I’ll have to spend more time away from home, but I’ll also get to see more of my family too.

I’ve been really busy today, organising some temporary accommodation – we stayed in a hotel last night. I was already really tired when we arrived because I flew 97 hours last month.

Of course, we were sad leaving Hong Kong because we’ve really enjoyed it – we’ve lived there for 7 years, and we had to leave behind many friends. But the change will do us good.

Anyway, I have to pick Julie up at 5 o’clock. She went to visit her parents, who’ve been looking forward to this for years.

WORD LIST

accommodation [E6kOmE7deiS(E)n] помещение, жилье, приют, убежище

promotion [prE7mEuSEn] продвижение по службе, повышение в звании, производство в чин

temporary [7temp(E)r(E)ri] временный, временный рабочий или служащий

QUESTIONS:

1. When did they arrive in Melbourne?

2. Why did they have to choose?

3. What has he been doing all day?

4. How long have they lived in Hong Kong?

² T 7.14

Jane: Guess what happened to me last night.

Mary: What?

Jane: Well, I was walking through the terminal, having just flown in from Seoul.

Mary: Uh-huh…

Jane: I was minding my own business, thinking about what I would have for dinner.

Mary: Mmm.

Jane: And suddenly there was a crashing noise and all the lights went out.

Mary: Ohh!

Jane: It was completely black.

Mary: Oh no!

Jane: I could not see where I was going, and I started feeling a bit frightened. You know, you never know what can happen in these situations. Anyway, I just froze, wondering what to do.

Mary: right! I know the feeling!

Jane: And then something unusual happened.

Mary: Yeah?

Jane: A woman near to me started singing.

Mary: What! Really!

Jane: Yes! Really! And, I know this may sound strange …

Mary: Go on.

Jane: Well, I started singing too!

Mary: No, You’re kidding!

Jane: Just quietly. Anyway, then other people started singing too, and the lights came back on, and everyone had a big laugh.

Mary: Wow! What an amazing story!

QUESTIONS:

1. What was Jane doing while she was walking through the terminal?

2. What happened when she was thinking about her dinner?

3. Why was Jane a bit frightened?

4. Did anything unusual happen?

5. What happened when the lights came back?

UNIT 8

² T 8.1

a There may not have been enough visibility to land.

b They mightn't have had clearance to land.

с It could have been an A310 or an A300, I'm not sure.

d The storm must have been bad to close the airport for 24 hours.

e It must have been hot because the air-conditioner broke down.

f It couldn't have been raining - the runway is dry.

g There mustn't have been enough runway length to land an A380 in Bali.

h He can't have been given clearance to land - the 747's still on the runway.

WORD LIST

break down [7breik 6daun] сломаться, выйти из строя

clearance [7kliErEns] разрешение

enough [i7nVf] достаточно

land (v) [lXnd] приземляться, делать посадку

length [leNQ] длина

visibility [6vizi7biliti] видимость

² T 8.2

i It's probably been raining in Chicago — it usually is at this time of year.

ii Frankfurt's certainly become Germany's busiest airport.

iii The Wright brothers were definitely the first modern pilots.

iv Leonardo Da Vinci possibly designed the world's first workable aircraft.

v Perhaps the head wind delayed them.

vi It couldn't possibly have been a bird because it was too big.

vii The Spitfire probably wasn't the fastest plane, but it was the most reliable.

WORD LIST

definitely [7definitli] точно, явно

delay [di7lei] задерживать

fast [fa:st] быстрый

headwind [7hedwind] встречный ветер

modern [7mOdEn] современный, новый

possibly [7pOsEbli] возможно, может быть

probably [7prObEbli] вероятно, наверное

reliable [ri7laiEbl] надежный

workable [7wE:kEbl] реальный; работающий

² T8.3

Part 1

Backgroud

Charles Edward Kingsford Smith was born in Hamilton, Brisbane, Australia, on February 9, 1897, the youngest of seven children. Charles was a small, energetic boy who loved adventure and would do anything for a dare. He attended Sydney Technical High, where he studied mechanics and electrical engineering, graduating as an Electrical Engineer at age 16.

World War One saw Kingsford Smith enlist in the Australian Forces. In 1915, he served in the army in the Middle East, but then he entered the Royal Flying Corps. He received his wings in 1917, serving in France as a fighter pilot. During his air force training, he wrote home to his parents "I have discovered one thing about flying and that is that my future, for whatever it may be worth, is bound up with it." In one of his many flying missions during the war his plane was riddled with bullets. 'Smithy' (his nickname) was shot in the foot and later had three toes amputated. His war days were over.

He travelled to America and worked for a year in Hollywood as a stunt pilot. However when another stuntman was killed, he decided it was too dangerous, and he returned to Australia. Kingsford-Smith was a pioneer pilot for Western Australian Airways, providing the first regular Australian airmail service. In 1926, with his partner C.T.P. Ulm, he undertook a round-Australia flight in 10 days 5 hours. This broke the previous record of more than 20 days. However, his ambition was be the first to fly across the Pacific Ocean.

WORD LIST

adventure [Ed7ventSE] приключение, авантюра

airmail service [7BEmeil7 sE:vis] авиапочтовая служба

amputate [7Xmpjuteit] ампутировать

attent [E7tend] посещать (школу, лекции)

Australia [Os7treiljE] Австралия

background [bXkdraund] происхождение, биографические данные; связи, окружение (все, что связано с жизнью, образованием, связями и т. п. человека)

bind up [7baind6 Vp] связывать

Brisbane [7brizbEn] г. Брисбен

bullet [7bulit] пуля

dangerous [7dein3rEs] опасный, рискованный

dare [7dBE] вызов; смелость

discover [dis7kVvE] обнаруживать, раскрывать

electrical engineer [i7lerkrikEl 6end3i7niE] электротехник

enlist in [in7list6in] поступать на военную службу

fighter pilot [7faitE7pailEt] летчик-истребитель

graduate (from) [7grXdjuEt] заканчивать учебное заведение

Hamilton [7hXmiltEn] г. Гамильтон

nickname [7nikneim] прозвище, кличка

(the) Pacific Ocean [pE7sific7EuSEn] Тихий океан

pioneer [6paiE7niE] первый

provide [prE7vaid] предоставлять, обеспечивать

regular [7regjulE] регулярный

riddle [7ridl] дырявить, решетить

stunt-pilot [7stVnt7pailEt] летчик-каскадер

undertake [6VndE7teik] совершать

wings [wiNz] “крылья”,“крылышки” (нашивка, эмблема у летчиков)

QUESTIONS:

1. When was Charles Edward Kingsford Smith born?

2. Where was Charles Smith born?

3. What kind of person was he?

4. Where did Charles Smith study?

5. What subject did Charles Smith study?

6. When did Charles Smith graduate from Sydney Technical High?

7. What occupation did Charles Smith get?

8. Where did Charles Smith enlist in during World War I?

9. When did Charles Smith enter the Royal Flying Corps?

10. When did Charles Smith receive his wings?

11. What was his message to his parents about?

12. What happened in one of his flying missions during the war?

13. What was his nickname?

14. Was Charles Smith injured?

15. What were the consequences of this injury for Charles Smith?

16. What did Charles Smith do in Hollywood?

17. Why did Charles Smith return to Australia?

18. Why was Charles Smith a pioneer pilot?

19. What happened in 1926?

20. What was his ambition?

Part 2

The Southern Cross

Kingsford Smith wanted to find a plane suitable to attempt a crossing of the Pacific Ocean. He and Ulm returned to the US, and using money donated or borrowed in Australia, they purchased a Fokker F.VIIb-3m. Preparations for the long journey were completed with the addition of extra fuel tanks, and two crew, marine navigator Harry Lyon and radio operator, Jim Warner. The Fokker was renamed the Southern Cross. For communication there were three radio transmitter sets and two separate receivers, as well as four compasses. The crew was also well prepared for an emergency. If the aircraft had to ditch at sea Kingsford-Smith would dump what fuel was left in the wings and use them as rafts. There were distress signals, water, and enough food to last a week.

Across the Pacific

Smithy, co-pilot Ulm, Lyon and Warner took off from Oakland, California, on the first stage of 2,400 miles to Hawaii, arriving after 27 hours and 27 minutes of uneventful flight. Stage two was to Fiji, some 3,100 miles away. Almost immediately they ran into a storm, which Smithy fought to the point of exhaustion, before handing the controls to the inexperienced Ulm. Luckily, they reached Suva some 33 hours later, and then flew on to Brisbane. They were welcomed as heroes by large crowds. Smithy and Ulm carried on, flying the Southern Cross on to England and then across the Atlantic and America, returning to Oakland. They had completed the first around-the-world flight.

Smithy didn't stop there. He continued to break and re-break records. In 1930, at the age of thirty-two, he flew 10,000 miles single-handed and won the England to Australia air race. He married Mary Powell and they later had a son, also named Charles. In 1933, after once again breaking the record for solo flight from England to Australia, he was acclaimed as the world's greatest airman, with more long distance flying records than anyone else on earth.

WORD LIST

acclaim [E7kleim] объявлять, провозглашать

addition [E7diSEn] добавление, дополнение

around-the-world [E7raund9E7 wE:ld] кругосветный

attempt [E7tempt] пытаться, пробовать

borrow [7bOrEu] занимать, брать на время

California [6kXli7fO:njE] Калифорния

carry on [7kXri6On] продолжать

communication [kE6mju:ni7keiSn] коммуникация; связь; средство сообщения

crowd [kraud] толпа (людей)

distress signal [dis7tres7signl] сигнал бедствия

ditch [ditS] делать вынужденную посадку на воду

donate [dEu7neit] дарить; жертвовать

dump [dVmp] избавляться, бросать

emergency [i7mE:d3Ensi] критическое положение; авария

exhaustion [ig7zO:stSEn] изнеможение, истощение

Fiji [fi:7d3i:] Фиджи

fuel nank [7fjuEl7tXnk] топливный бак

Hawaii [ha:7waii:] Гавайи (острова и штат)

inexperienced [7iniks7piEriEnst] неопытный

marine navigator [mE7ri:n7nXvigeitE] штурман

Oakland [7EuklEnd] г. Окленд

purchase [7pE:tSEs] покупать

radio operator [7reidiEu7OpEreitE] радиооператор

radio transmitter [7reidiEu6trXnz7mitE] радиопередатчик

raft [ra:ft] плот

receiver [ri7si:vE] радиоприемник

record [7rekO:d] запись; зд. рекорд

rename [7ri:7neim] переименовать; дать новое имя

single-handed [7siNgl7hXndid] выполненный одним, без посторонней помощи

Suva [7su:vE] г. Сува

suitable [7sju:tEbl] подходящий

uneventful [7Vni7ventful] не имеющий важных событий (последствий)

QUESTIONS:

1. What did Charles Smith attempt to do?

2. Where did Charles Smith and Ulm get money?

3. What did they purchase?

4. What did they add to their aircraft?

5. How was the Fokker renamed?

6. What was there for communication?

7. How was the crew prepared for an emergency?

8. What was the first stage of their journey?

9. What was the second stage of their journey?

10. How were they welcomed by large crowds?

11. Did they achieve their aim at the end of the journey?

12. What did Charles Smith win in 1930?

13. What do you know about his private life?

14. Why was Charles Smith acclaimed as the world’s greatest airman?

Part3

The Last Flight

The fate of Sir Charles Kingsford Smith remains a mystery. On the 6^th of November 1935, Smithy and his co-pilot/mechanic, Tommy Pethybridge took off for Australia.

from England in a new Lockheed Altair, which they called the Lady Southern Cross. In the evening of the 7^th of November, he and Pethybridge departed Allahabad, India, to fly non-stop overnight to Singapore. They successfully flew over Calcutta, Akyab and reached Rangoon at 1:30am. Just before 3:00am on the 8^th of November, another Australian pilot, Jimmy Melrose, who was also heading south from Rangoon, sighted the Lady Southern Cross over the Andaman Sea. In Singapore later that day Melrose was surprised to learn that Smithy had not arrived. Despite a search of the entire Rangoon-Singapore route, no trace of the Altair was found. However, in May 1937 its starboard undercarriage strut was picked up by Burmese fishermen on the rocky shore of Aye Island, about 140 miles south-east of Rangoon. One theory is that Smithy may have flown into the 460-foot top of the jungle-covered island and the aircraft could have plunged into the sea, the wheel breaking off and floating ashore. However, in 1983 an Australian expedition thoroughly searched the seabed around the island, but no wreckage was discovered.

WORD LIST

Burmese [bE:7mi:z] бирманец

Calcutta [kXl7kVtE] г. Калькутта

depart [di7pA:t] отправляться, уезжать

despite [dis7pait] несмотря на, вопреки чему-либо

fate [feit] судьба

India [7indiE] Индия

overnight [7EuvE7nait] ночной

plunge [plVnd3] погружаться

Rangoon [rXn7gu:n] г. Рангун (Мьянма); другое название – Янгон

remain [ri7mein] оставаться

rocky [7rOki] скалистый

route [ru:t] маршрут

seabed [7si:bed] морское дно

search [sE:tS] искать, вести поиски

Singapore [6siNgE7pO:] Сингапур

starboard [7stA:bEd] правая сторона

strut [strVt] стойка, распорка, опора

trace [treis] след, отпечаток

undercarridge [7VndE6kXrid3] шасси

wreckage [7rekid3] обломки крушения

QUESTIONS:

1. What is the theme of the third part?

2. Where did Charles Smith and his co-pilot take off for in 1935?

3. How did they call Lockheed Altair?

4. Did Charles Smith reach Singapore?

5. Who noticed that Charles Smith had not arrived?

6. What was picked up by Burmese fisherman in May 1937?

7. What is the main theory of his disappearance?

8. Does this theory have any proofs?

² T8. 4

A: What do you think this is a picture of James?

B: What do you mean? It just looks like a circle in the grass.

A: Yes, but what do you think it is and how do you think it got there?

B: Oh I know – is it one of those crop circles?

A: Yes that’s right.

B: So do they know that causes them?

A: Well I haven’t finished reading the article, but it seems they aren’t really sure. Some people believe aliens might make them.

B: Really? Come on! I think there must be a scientific reason. What about other simple causes – does the article give scientific reasons for them – like animals or birds?

A: Yeah. Some scientists think they could be caused by the wings during storms. Others say they are probably caused by lighting or heat.

B: Yeah I could believe that – lighting in electrical storms could make the patterns. So what do you think causes them?

A: I’m not really sure; they look so neat and the shapes are almost perfect … look at this picture here … I don’t think they could be caused by animals or lighting – I’m sure about that. I think … I think they’re probably made by something we don’t understand yet. Who knows maybe it is aliens trying to communicate with us … like in that movie.

B: No way! Come in, you don’t really believe in aliens, do you?

A: Well, I tell you what, this article says that some people believe the crop circles are possibly caused by people when they are asleep – some kind of energy from their dreams! Mmm, but I find that hard to believe.

B: Really? They can’t be caused by dreams – that sounds even more crazy than messages from space! Has anybody thought they’re a hoax – made by people for fun – you know fake and not …

A: Well, believe it or not yes. Actually I just read that two men in England admitted that they had made over 250 crop circles with a stick and a piece of rope.

B: See! There you are – that I can understand. That’s another explanation I do agree with. A coupe of men trying to make a story and then laughing at all these crazy ideas people have to explain them.

A: No … no … no. The thing is, crop circles don’t just happen in England – they happen all over the world and three have been over ten thousand of them and sometimes they appear overnight – that’s impossible for two people to do alone. And besides, the ones they did make were very simple – the mysterious crop circles couldn’t be made by people with stick and rope because they have very complex shapes with beautiful patterns.

B: So what do you think?

A: I’m not sure, but I still think it’s possible that they’re made by spacecraft or something. Aliens may be using technology that we just don’t understand yet.

B: Oh I don’t know. Why don’t you finish the article and see if you can find any other reasons? I’m still not convinced!

WORD LIST

admit [Ed7mid] признавать

alien [7eiljEn] инопланетянин

appear [E7piE] появляться

cause [kO:z] послужить причиной

circle [7sE:kl] круг

convince [kEn7vins] убеждать

fake [feik] обман, мошенничество

hoax [hEuks] обман, ложь

lightning [7laitniN] молния

mysterious [mis7tiEriEs] таинственный, загадочный

overnight [7EuvE7nait] ночью

pattern [7pXtEn] образец; зд. рисунок, узор

Не нашли, что искали? Воспользуйтесь поиском: