From the history of surveying

Surveying is one of the oldest art practiced by a man. From the earliest times he has found it necessary to mark his boundaries and divide his land. The oldest historical records in existence today which bear directly on the subject, state that surveying had its beginning in Egypt. Herodotus says Sesostris (about 1400 B.C.) divided the land of Egypt into plots for purpose of taxation. The annual floods of the river Nile swept away portions of these plots, and surveyors were appointed to replace the bounds. These early surveyors were called "rope stretchers". Their measurements were made by means of ropes with markers at unit distances. As a consequence of this work, there arose the science of geometry.

It is to the early Greek thinkers that the development of the science of geometry is due. This development, however, was chiefly along the lines of pure science. The man who stands out prominently through the age of Grecian supremacy, as applying science to surveying was Heron who flourished probably about 120 B.C. He was the author of several important writings of interest to engineers, including one in particular called "The Dioptra "which treated of methods of surveying a field, drawing a Plan, and making calculation.

The real development of surveying as an art came through the Romans with their practical minds and their progress in engineering work. The best known Roman treatise on surveying was by Frontinus. While the original manuscript has been lost, there have portions preserved. This noted Roman engineer and surveyor, who lived in the first century was a pioneer in his work and his treatise remained the standard for many years,

The great genius of the Romans for engineering is evidenced by their extensive works of construction throughout the Empire, which necessitated so much surveying that there was a well-organized guild of surveyors.

2. Напишіть анотацію до тексту

Самостійна робота №8

1. Перекладіть наступний текст, складіть план до тексту

Не нашли, что искали? Воспользуйтесь поиском: