PREPARING A BUSINESS PLAN

A business plan is essential to the start-up, growth and modification of any business whether it be a small private farm or a large state farm or an agricultural processing facility. The business plan specifically defines the business. It identifies and clarifies goals and provides the direction for their achievement.

A well developed plan will serve three primary functions. First, it will act as a feasibility study. Writing the plan forces the business owner or director to translate ideas into black and white allowing substantiation and evaluation of the assumptions upon which the plan is based. It helps to determine the need for, and proper allocation of resources and, by allowing the owner to look for weak spots and vulnerabilities, helps reduce the risk of unforeseen complications.

Second, the plan will serve as a management tool. It provides a guide for implementation and standards against which to evaluate performance. Properly utilized, it can help alert the owner/manager to potential problems before they become detrimental, and potential opportunities before they are missed.

Third, the plan is the tool for obtaining financing for the business. Whether seeking bank financing, private domestic or foreign investors, government financing or venture capital, a detailed, well-drafted plan is necessary. (Wt.)

17.

United States Department of Agriculture

Commercial Agriculture Development Project 2

Luctukiv Pereulok Maliv, Ukraine 25002 Tel/Fax: (380-02) 42-80-80 E-mail: eller@te.net.ua

March 2, 2000

Harry Mead, USAID

19 Rubyy Val St.254 Kyi'v, Ukraine

Dear Mr. Walters,

I have discussed the issue of using funds allocated for wages, transportation, technical assistance, and other expenditures in the KNO Project for larger capital purchases for the four cooperatives with you and Ken Boyle and I am seeking formal approval to do this. I have also discussed this idea with the boards of the four cooperatives and they have agreed that this would be a better way to use the funds in the budget.

Artsis is working on a deal with Monsanto for no-till planting equipment. I agreed to make the down payment for that deal, which is $10,000.00. We have been working on this for a long time (it seems like forever) with CNFA and Monsanto. The payment has already been made to Monsanto.

I have already purchased seed treating equipment and two tractors for Ivanov Coop. They got the equipment from bankrupt collectives and got a very good deal on all of it. The seed treating equipment was still in crates and was purchased from Germany two years ago for $27,000.00. We got it all for $7,000.00. The Ivanov Coop will specialize in hailing, storing and selling seed. They got the two tractors from a bankrupt collective in Ivanovka for $3,000.00 and will provide a plowing service for their members this year.

Sincerely,

John Wales USDA/CADP Odessa

Exercise 2.

Find out texts in different functional styles both in English (6) and Ukrainian (7). Be ready to prove your choice.

Exercise 3.

In what style can you find the following words, word-combinations and texts?

• Drill adapter,

• bank-administered trust fund,

• curve analyzer,

• to kick the bucket,

• the darkness was so thick you could cut it with a knife,

• Say, boy-ain’t that a piece of work?

• Iraqis Launch Urban Fightback in Baghdad,

• information Minister Mohammed Saeed al-Sahaf told reporters,

• To register the exhibition participation a preliminary application should be filed as a standard fax-coupon from the invitation by the ORGANIZER, or as the filled in application form in the Internet on the ORGANIZER’s server, or as a letter printed on the organization letterhead;

• this approach is essentially correct, this view markedly advances our understanding of…,

• this scheme is broadly consistent with physiological evidence,

• I am basically in disagreement with this view.

• This perception unfortunately ignores the diversity of the phenomena

• The principle can be stated more briefly still..

Exercise 4.

Paraphrase the newspapers titles. Pay attention to the stylistic peculiarities of the newspapers titles in English:

The Russian Athlete is Winning a Prize.

Houses are Smashed by the Hurricane.

Minister is Leaving his Job.

The Policeman was killed.

The Committee Discussed the Effect of Price Control.

LECTURES 5-6

Theme: Stylistic syntax of the English language. Syntactical stylistic devices

PLAN

1. The neutral syntactical model and deviations from it

2. Expressive means based on the reduction of some obligatory elements of the sentence structure

3. Expressive means based on the redundancy of the elements of the sentence

4. Expressive means based on the violation of the traditional word-order

5. Syntactical stylistic devices

Syntactical stylistic devices based on formal and semantic combinations of syntactical constructions of the model

Syntactical stylistic devices based on the transposition of the meaning of the structures in the context

Syntactical stylistic devices based on the transposition of the meaning of connection between sentences

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