E.g. He did not need to explain. You don't need to tellme that you are sorry

You don't need to tell me that you are sorry.
Did you need to read all those books?

It should be noted that this need is in more common use than
the defective need, particularly in American English.

Note. The regular verb need may be followed by a noun or pronoun. But in this
case to need is not a modal verb.

e-g. He needs a new coat.
Does he need my help?
He does not need anything.

Dare

§ 119. The modal verb dare may also be used as a regular and
as a defective verb.

1) Dare as a defective verb has two forms which are the present
and the past forms. It means 'to have the courage or impertinence
to do something.' Its use is very restricted. In present-day English
it is mainly found in questions beginning with how, which are actu-
ally exclamations, and in negative sentences.

e.g. How dare you say that!
How dare she come here!
How many years is it since we danced together? I daren't think.

He dared not look at her.

2) Dare as a regular verb has all the necessary forms includ-
ing the verbals. It has the same meaning as the defective dare. Its
use is also restricted. It is mainly found in negative sentences.

e.g. He does not dare to come here again.

She told me she had never dared to ask him about it.
No one dared to live in the house since.

3) Note the colloquial set phrase / dare say.

e.g. I dare say I looked a little confused.

My son is not in town, but I dare say he will be before long.

In Russian this phrase is usually rendered as очень возможно,
пожалуй, полагаю, осмелюсь сказать.

shouldn't + Perfect Infinitive, oughtn't to + Perfect
Infinitive and needn't + Perfect infinitive Compared
§ 120. Shouldn't + Perfect infinitive and oughtn't to + Perfect
infinitive show that an action has been carried out though it was
undesirable; needn't + Perfect infinitive indicates that an action
has been carried out though it was unnecessary.

e.g. You shouldn't have come (because you are ill).

You oughtn't to have written to them (because your letter up-
set them).

You needn't have come (because the work is finished).
You needn't have written to them (because I sent them a
telegram).

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