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Служебные части речи. Предлог. Союз. Частицы

КАТЕГОРИИ:






PRIMARY STATE EDUCATION




EDUCATION

SPEECH PATTERNS

1. Don’t you think it’s silly? Не кажется ли тебе это глупым?
2. What’s the use of....ing? Какой смысл в...?
3. Why should I? (syn. Why on earth?) С какой стати?
4. You don’t say so! Не может быть?
5. You must be joking! Должно быть вы шутите?
6. You can’t be serious! Ты можешь говорить серьёзно?
7. No doubt! Несомненно!
8. No objections! Без возражений!
9. By all means Во что бы то ни стало. (Конечно)
10. Better late than never. Лучше поздно, чем никогда.

Exercise 1. Work in pairs. Fill in the gap in the dialogue frame with phrases from the list below. Express surprise, annoyance, disagreement.

-Why don’t you work in the library every day? -...................................

-Why don’t you choose the subject for your dissertation? -................

-Why don’t you do your postgraduate works in America? -...............

-Why don’t you work on your theses? -................................................

-Why don’t you devote three days a week to studying English? -........

-Why don’t you win a scholarship? -.....................................................

Exercise 2. Work in pairs. Respond to the statements.

1. Teachers prefer dull students to bright ones.

2. You know what students are like nowadays? They are getting less and less intelligent every day.

3. To my mind, colleges shouldn’t provide students with general knowledge. Emphasis should be placed on professional skill.

4. I don’t think it’s important for students to learn how to work with dictionaries.

VOCABULARY

Nouns

1. "A" level examination – экзамен в возрасте 18 лет, по окончании 6 класса средней школы; по результатам экзамена зачисляют в университет (5-6 лет)

2. academic – зд. aкадемический, более подготовленный, теоретический

3. admission - приём (в организацию, учебное заведение и т. п.)

4. attendance - посещаемость

5. Bachelor of Arts (BA) - 6aкалавр гуманитарных наук.

6. Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree – степень бакалавра точных наук

7. boarding school - пансион, закрытое учебное заведение; школа-интернат

8. brain-storming - «мозговая атака»; коллективное обсуждение проблем при полной свободе выдвижения проектов решения

9. comprehensive school-общеобразовательная школа для учащихся с разными способностями

10. compulsory education – обязательное образование.

11. doctorate – степень доктора наук

12. entrance exam – вступительный экзамен.

13. finals - выпускные экзамены (особ. в университете)

14. free education – бесплатное образование

15. further education - дальнейшее образование (на курсах повышения квалификации и т. п.; дневное и вечернее)

16. General Certificate of Secondary Education exam – экзамен на аттестат об общем среднем образовании (в возрасте 16 лет)

17. General National Vocational Qualification exam – экзамен в 16 лет на получение общенациональной профессиональной квалификации (как альтернатива к экзамену на аттестат об общем среднем образовании)

18. graduation – окончание курса (в учебном заведении), получение ученой степени.

19. grammar (school) – тип средней школы, где учащиеся изучают теоретические предметы (11-18 лет)

20. grant-maintained school – школа, контролируемая и субсидируемая группой людей, но не отделом местной власти.

21. handicapped – учащиеся, испытывающие затруднения в учебе; имеющие физические недостатки.

22. honours degree – степень отличия (почетная)

23. independent school- частная школа, независимая от местных органов власти.

24. infant school- младенческая школа (5 - 7 лет), первая ступень начального обучения

25. junior school -младшая школа (7 – 11 лет), вторая ступень начального обучения

26. lecturer - лектор (ученое звание преподавателя вуза)

27. Local Education Authority – отдел местной власти, поддерживающий материально

28. master’s degree – степень магистра

29. National Curriculum – государственная учебная программа, принятая в школах Англии и Уэльса в 1988г.

30. part-time course – вечернее или заочное отделение

31. pass degree - диплом без отличия

32. preparatory school – (prep school) – частная подготовительная школа.

33. prepreparatory school – предподготовительная частная школа.

34. pride of place - значительное место

35. primary schooling -начальное образование

36. public school – привилегированное среднее учебное заведение (для детей 13 -18 лет)

37. sandwich course - курс обучения, чередующий теорию с практикой; комбинированное обучение; сочетание общеобразовательного и профессионального обучения с работой на производстве

38. secondary modern (school) – средняя школа, где упор делается на развитие практических или технических умений (11-18 лет)

39. standard assessment tasks – стандартизированные задания для оценки успехов учащихся 14-ти лет.

40. students in training-студенты-практиканты

41. syllabus (syllabi) = curriculum (curricula)– программа обучения.

42. tutor or supervisor – наставник научный руководитель.

43. tutorials or supervisions – занятия с наставником (руководителем группы студентов)

44. University Grants Committee – университетский комитет субсидий

45. vocational training – профессиональная подготовка.

Verbs

1. to assess – оценивать, давать оценку

2. to be regarded - считаться

3. to enable – давать возможность, право

4. to encourage – поощрять, вдохновлять

5. to grade – распределять по классам

6. to include – включать (в себя)

7. to introduce – открывать, внедрять

8. to look after – присматривать, заботиться о ком-либо

9. to make use of numbers – использовать числа

10. to overcome - преодолевать

11. to pass an exam – выдержать, сдать экзамен

12. to provide - обеспечивать

13. to submit – представлять на рассмотрение.

Adjectives and adverbs

annually - ежегодно

PHONETIC EXERCISES

Exercise I. Pronounce the following words correctly paying attention to the ways of pronunciation of the stressed vowels.

[æ] grammar, bachelor, handicapped, national, preparatory, standard, sandwich, annually,

[a:] grant, master, task, regarded, pass, part-time, arts

[i] syllabus, admission, committee, infant, certificate, submit, curriculum

[]:] boarding, course, brain-storming

[ž] public, overcome, encourage, number, compulsory

[e] level, academic, comprehensive, entrance, independent, secondary, attendance, assessment

[ai] pride, primary, provide, finals

[ei] examination, education, vocational, graduation, training, make, grade, enable, maintained

Exercise 2. Pronounce the following terms.

Bachelor of Arts [Ù̀bæ±ələrəv Ua:ts]

Bachelor of Science [Ubæ±ələrəv Usaiәns]

General Certificate of Secondary Education [Ud¥enәrəl səUtifikət əv Usekəndəri edju:Ukei•n]

General National Vocational Qualification[Ud¥enәrәl Unæ•әnәl vәUkei∫ənəl kw]lifiUkei∫n]

Local Education Authority [Uloukәl edju:Ukeiə∫n ]:Uθ]riti]

National Curriculum [Unæ∫әnәl kәUrikjәlәm]

University Grants Committee [1ju:niUvә:siti Ugra:nts kәUmiti]

Infant school [Uinfәnt 1sku:l]

Junior school [Ud¥u:njә 1sku:l]

Exercise 3. Pronounce the words and mind the difference in sounding.

/ə:/ /]:/ or /]/

term – course

refer – order

university – accordance

person – although

service – honours

first – almost

research – awarded

work – want

determine - brainstorming

/i:/ - /i/

freeze - committee

degree - different

school leavers - admission

field - decision

teaching - discipline

people - supervision

receive - equipment

evening - single

/a:/ - /ž/

charge - result

staff - study

master - discussion

Glasgow - Durham

department - production

grants - self-governing

/æ/ - /e/

Bachelor - lecture

a graduate - necessary

exam - better

annually - assess

substantial - letters

 

LEXICAL EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Look through the vocabulary and find

a) the terms for stages of education in Great Britain, types of schools, degrees, certificates, teachers.

b) the infinitives in the Active Voice and in the Passive Voice.

Exercise 2. Identify the part of speech and translate the words into Russian:

Academy - academic, science - scientific, education - educational, to enter - entrance, independence -independent, school - schooling, to assess - assessment, tutor - tutorial, use - useful, to introduce - introduction, to grade - grade, to admit - admission, far - further.

Exercise 3. Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. State schools in Great Britain are divided into several types.

2. Children who want to learn academic subjects go to grammar schools.

3. Comprehensive schools usually combine all types of secondary education.

4. Private schools are mostly boarding schools at which pupils live during the term time.

5. After leaving school many young people go to colleges of further education.

6. There are about 90 universities in Britain.

7. Full courses of study offer the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Science.

8. Students may receive grants from their Local Education Authority to pay for books, accommodation, transport and food.

Exercise 4. Ask questions to the following sentences:

1. All British children must stay at school from the age of 5 until they are 16.

2. Comprehensive schools have physics, chemistry, biology laboratories, machine workshops for metal and woodwork and also geography, history and art departments, commercial and domestic courses.

3. Private schools charge fees for educating children.

4. The lectures at colleges of further education, each an hour long, start at 9.15 in the morning and end at 4.45 in the afternoon.

5. Universities in Great Britain are divided into three types: the Ancient universities (Oxford (before 1167), Cambridge (1209), St. Andrews (1413), Glasgow (1451), Aberdeen (1495) and Edinburgh (1583) Universities), the Red Brick universities (the 19th – early 20th centuries) such as London and Manchester Universities, and the New universities.

6. The grant, students receive from the Local Education Authority, depends on the income of their parents.

7. The social life of the students includes a lot of clubs, parties, concerts, bars.

Exercise 5. Fill in the blanks with the proper words:

1. Those who want to go on to college or university usually take … in 2 or 3 subjects.

2. The Open University accepts students without …

3. Undergraduate courses mostly lead to the degree of a … or a….

4. Further study or research is required for the degree of a … and that of a ….

5. Some students may be given a … from the local education authority.

6. Oxford and Cambridge are famous for their academic excellence and ….

Key: tutorial system, formal qualifications, Doctor, A-level examinations, Bachelor of Arts, grant, Master, Bachelor of Science.

Text 1

Exercise 1. Read the text and get ready to do the tasks.

STATE EDUCATION

State educational system is said to offer free education. The less part of state schools receive money from a Local Education Authority. Most state schools are given money by the government. Some state schools are grant-maintained. These schools are supported by the central government and are considered by some people to provide a better education. As a rule grant-maintained schools are controlled by a group of their governors, parents of pupils and members of the local community. There are some church schools that also receive money from the government and offer free Education. In Scotland and Ireland most schools are still managed by local authorities.

There are three stages in the state educational system in England and Wales: primary education, secondary education and further education. University-level education stands apart being almost independent of state control.

British children legally have to start school at the age of five. All children between the ages of 5 and 16 must, by law, receive secondary school education. This education is compulsory. Some children, who need to pass "A"(Advanced) level examination (exam) to enter a University or a College of Further education, continue their studies at the sixth-form class or college up to the age of 18.

According to the National Curriculum, introduced in all state schools in England and Wales in 1988, children's education from 5 to 16 is divided into four key stages covering the following age groups: ages 5-7 (key stage 1), ages 7-11 (key stage 2), ages 11-14 (key stage 3), ages 14-16 (key stage 4).

At the end of each stage children are tested or they take exams. At the age of 14 children complete their Standard assessment tasks (SATs) as part of the National Curriculum. At the end of their fifth year of secondary education most children of all abilities aged 16 take General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) exams in a particular level. In 1988 GCSE replaced the former "O" (Ordinary) level and CSE (Certificate of Secondary Education) exams.

Some secondary schools offer introduction courses to vocational training. At the age of 16 students of those schools take General National Vocational Qualification exams (GNVQs) as an alternative to CSE and "A" levels.

Alongside with state secondary schools there are now 15 City Technology Colleges that put special emphasis on teaching such subjects as mathematics, technology and science. They have no connections with Local Education Authorities and get money from business companies or from the government.

Most people in Britain are concerned about education. They think that education should be free of charge in all stages and levels. It is also thought to be of higher standard. The state is expected to pay much more attention to students who now pay their own fees at university as well as their living expenses. Poorer students should receive enough financial help from the state to be able to acquire better education.

Exercise 2. Answer the following questions.

1. What is the main division in the British educational system?

2. Why can some state schools give students free education?

3. What schools are grant-maintained?

4. What three stages are there in the state educational system in England and Wales?

5. At what age do British pupils start schooling?

6. What key stages is education in Britain divided into?

7. What tasks do British children complete at the age of 14?

8. What exams do children take at the age of 16?

9. What is GNVQs?

10. What do City Technology Colleges put special emphasis on?

11. What kind of education do British people think of?

Text 2

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.

PRIMARY STATE EDUCATION

The first step of compulsory education in Britain is primary schooling. Primary schools cater for children between the ages of 5 and 11. The first two years are the years of infant school. In infant school (or classes) children are encouraged to read, to write in their own words, to understand and make use of numbers. Subject teaching is rare. At the age of 7 children go to the junior school where the teaching becomes more formal. About 40-50 minutes every day are spent on arithmetic. Almost an hour a week is given to work in history, geography, nature study and music. Pride of place is given to English, which may occupy from 7 to 10 hours a week. Special care is taken to continue the teaching of reading. The infant and junior schools are in many cases housed in the same building and may be regarded as two levels of primary education.

Some children between 2 and 5 years of age attend informal preschool playgrounds organized by parents in private houses. Teachers and students in training often work there. In the nursery classes kids are looked after while their parents are at work. Children are given a chance to play, have lunch and sleep. Attendance at the nursery schools (classes or groups) is not compulsory. There are no formal lessons in a nursery school. Indoor and outdoor play using a great variety of materials forms the basis of the daily programme. Other activities include drawing, painting, listening to stories told by the teacher, dancing, and learning the values of money, weights and measures while playing organized games.

Exercise 2. Match the definitions from A with the words in B.

A. 1). a school in Britain for children between the ages of 7 and 11. 2) a school in Britain for children between the ages of five and seven. 3) a building belonging to or for the use of a particular person or group. 4) a school in Britain for children between 5 and 11. 5) an outdoor area where children can play, especially at a school.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

B. 1) infant school 2) primary school 3) junior school 4) playground 5) private house

Exercise 3. Agree or disagree with the following statements according to the text.

1. Primary schools cater for children between the ages of 4 and 7.

2. Children go to the junior school at the age of 7.

3. The teaching at junior schools is informal.

4. English classes at junior schools occupy from 7 to 10 hours a month.

5. Teachers and students in training often work at playgrounds.

6. There are a lot of formal lessons in a nursery school.

Exercise 4. Answer the questions.

1. What is the first step of compulsory education in Britain?

2. What are children encouraged to in infant schools?

3. At what age do children go to junior schools?

4. How much time is spent on different subjects?

5. What kind of schools can be regarded as two levels of primary education?

7. Are there any lessons in a nursery school?

8. Does indoor or outdoor play form the basis of the daily programme?

Text 3

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.






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