Types of transcription. A transcription, which is a visual system of notation of the sound structure of speech, is also a generalization of a great variety of sounds that are uttered

A transcription, which is a visual system of notation of the sound structure of speech, is also a generalization of a great variety of sounds that are uttered by speakers of a given language.

If it is accuracy only in the representation of the phonemes of the language that is required, the transcription should provide each phoneme with a distinctive symbol to avoid ambiguity. Such a transcription is generally called phonemic, or broad, transcription. It contains as many symbols as there are phonemes in the language. The phonemic data is usually enclosed between virgules (also called diagonals)--: /t/.

If it is exactness in the differentiation of the allophones of each phoneme that is required, the transcription should provide either different symbols for each allophone, or introduce special marks to represent the different features of the allophones. The former would increase the number of symbols consi­derably, and that would cause great difficulties for those who use it. The latter is more economical, although it makes the notation rather complicated. Scholars usually make use of both ways: they provide some of the typical allophones with distinctive symbols and introduce special marks (called "diacritic marks") to denote the different features the allophones are charac­terized by- Such a transcription is called a phonetic, or narrow transcription. The phonetic data is customarily enclosed in square brackets: [t].

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