Basic types of prosodic contours in English

The number of actual utterances produced by native speakers of English is obviously unlimited, yet they can be reduced to a comparatively small list of basic intonation patterns. The discrimination of the basic patterns relies primarily on the directional type of nuclear pitch change:

1. THE RISING TONE PATTERN

2. THE FALLING TONE PATTERN

3. THE FALLING-RISING TONE PATTERN

4. THE RISING-FALLING TONE PATTERN

Since the structure of an intonation group is changeable, each tone pattern is realized in a number of tunes. The most important subdivision is into tunes having head and those without a head.

The rising tone pattern:

1. High/Stepping Head + High Narrow Rise (strong interrogative force transforming any sentence-type into a question)

2. High/Stepping Head + Low Wide Rise (interested, concerned, friendly)

3. Low Head + Low Narrow Rise (calm, disapproving)

The falling tone pattern:

1. High/Stepping Head + Mid Wide/Low Narrow Fall (calm, serious, hostile)

2. High/Stepping Head + High Wide Rise (light, lively, insistent)

The falling-rising tone pattern:

1. Sliding/Faling Head + Fall-Rise Undivided (contradicting, warning)

2. Stepping/High Head + Fall-Rise Divided (appealing, cordial)

The rising-falling tone pattern:

Stepping/High Head + Rise-Fall Contour (impressed, quizzical, challenging)

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