We sat down at a table with two girls in yellow and three men, each one introduced to us as Mr. Mumble. (Sc.F.)

When Omar P. Quill died, his solicitors referred to him always as O.P.Q. Each reference to O.P.Q. made Roger think of his grandfather as the middle of the alphabet. (G. M.)

8. "Your fur and his Caddy are a perfect match."

"I respect history: don't you know that Detroit was founded by Sir Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, French fur trader." (J. O'H.)

9. Now let me introduce you - that's Mr. What's-his-name, you remember him, don't you? And over there in the corner, that's the Major, and there's Mr. What-d'you-call-him, and that's an American. (E. W.)

Cats and canaries had added to the already stale house an entirely new dimension of defeat. As I stepped down, an evil-looking Tom slid by us into the house. (W. Gl.)

Kate kept him because she knew he would do anything in the world if he were paid to do it or was afraid not to do it She had no illusions about him. In her business Joes were necessary. (J. St.)

12. In the moon-landing year what choice is there for Mr. and Mrs. Average - the programme against poverty or the ambitious NASA project? (M. St.)

The next speaker was a tall gloomy man, Sir Something Somebody. (P.)

We sat down at a table with two girls in yellow and three men, each one introduced to us as Mr. Mumble. (Sc.F.)

15. She's been in a bedroom with one of the young Italians, Count Something. (I. Sh.)

Exercise VI. Discuss the structure and semantics of epithets in the following examples. Define the type and function of epithets:

4.He's a proud, haughty, consequential, turned-nosed peacock. (D.)

10. Her painful shoes slipped off. (U.)

11. She was a faded white rabbit of a woman. (A. C.)

12. And she still has that look, that don't-you-touch-me look, that women who were beautiful carry with them to the grave. (J. B.)

13. Ten-thirty is a dark hour in a town where respectable doors are locked at nine. (T. C.)

14. He loved the afterswim salt-and-sunshine smell of her hair. (Jn. B.)

15. I was to secretly record, with the help of a powerful long-range movie-camera lens, the walking-along-the-Battery-in-the-sunshine meeting between Ken and Jerry. (D.U.)

16. "Thief!" Pilon shouted. "Dirty pig of an untrue friend!" (J. St.)

17. She spent hausfrau afternoons hopping about in the sweatbox of her midget kitchen. (T. C.)

18. He acknowledged an early-afternoon customer with a be-with-you-in-a-minute nod. (D. U.)

19. He thoroughly disliked this never-far-from-tragic look of a ham Shakespearian actor. (H.)

20. "What a picture!" cried the ladies. "Oh! The lambs! Oh, the sweets! Oh, the ducks! Oh, the pets!" (К. М.)

Exercise VII. In the following examples concentrate on cases of hyperbole and understatement. Pay attention to their originality or stateness, to ether SDs promoting their effect, to exact words, containing the foregrounded emotive meaning:

1. I was scared to death when he entered the room. (S.)

2. The girls were dressed to kill. (J. Br.)

3. Newspapers are the organs of individual men who havejockeyed themselves to be party leaders, in countries where a new party is born every hour over a glass of beer in the nearest cafe. (J. R.)

4. I was violently sympathetic, as usual. (Jn. B.)

5. Four loudspeakers attached to the flagpole emitted a shattering roar of what Benjamin could hardly call music, as if it were played by a collection of brass bands, a few hundred fire engines, a thousand blacksmiths' hammers and the amplified reproduction of a force-twelve wind. (A. S.)

6. The car which picked me up on that particular guilty evening was a Cadillac limousine about seventy-three blocks long. (J. B.)

7. Her family is one aunt about a thousand years old. (Sc. F.)

8. He didn't appear like the same man; then he was all milk and honey-now he was all starch and vinegar. (D.)

9. She was a giant of a woman. Her bulging figure was encased in a green crepe dress and her feet overflowed in red shoes. She carried a mammoth red pocketbook that bulged throughout as if it were stuffed with rocks. (Fl. O'C.)

10. She was very much upset by the catastrophe that had befallen the Bishops, but it was exciting, and she was tickled to death to have someone fresh to whom she could tell all about it. (S. M.)

11. Babbitt's preparations for leaving the office to its feeble self during the hour and a half of his lunch-period were somewhat less elaborate than the plans for a general European War. (S. M.)

12. The little woman, for she was of pocket size, crossed her hands solemnly on her middle. (G.)

13. We danced on the handkerchief-big space between the speak-easy tables. (R. W.)

14. She wore a pink hat, the size of a button. (J. R.)

15. She was a sparrow of a woman. (Ph. L.)

16. And if either of us should lean toward the other, even a fraction of an inch, the balance would be upset. (O. W.)

17. He smiled back, breathing a memory of gin at me. (W. G.)

18. About a very small man in the Navy: This new sailor stood five feet nothing in sea boots. (Th. P.)

19. She busied herself in her midget kitchen. (T. C.)

20. The rain had thickened, fish could have swum through the air. (T. C.)

Exercise VIII. In the following sentences pay attention to the structure and semantics of oxymorons. Also indicate which of their members conveys the individually viewed feature of the object and which one reflects its generally accepted characteristic:

1. He caught a ride home to the crowded loneliness of
the barracks. (J.)

2. Sprinting towards the elevator he felt amazed at his
own cowardly courage. (G. M.)

3. They were a bloody miserable lot - the miserablest lot of men I ever saw. But they were good to me. Bloody good. (J. St.)

4. He behaved pretty lousily to Jan. (D. C.)

5. Well might he perceive the hanging of her hair in
fairest quantity in locks, some curled and some as if it
were forgotten, with such a careless care and an art so
hiding art that she seemed she would lay them for a
pattern. (Ph. S.)

6. There were some bookcases of superbly unreadable
books. (E. W.)

7. Absorbed as we were in the pleasures of travel – and I in my modest pride at being the only examinee to cause a commotion - we were over the old Bridge. (W. G.)

8. "Heaven must be the hell of a place. Nothing but
repentant sinners up there, isn't it?" (Sh. D.)

9. Harriet turned back across the dim garden. The lightless
light looked down from the night sky. (I. M.)

10. Sara was a menace and a tonic, my best enemy;
Rozzie was a disease, my worst friend. (J. Car.)

11. It was an open secret that Ray had been ripping
his father-in-law off. (D. U.)

12. A neon sign reads "Welcome to Reno - the biggest little town in the world." (A. M.)

13. Huck Finn and Holden Caulfield are Good Bad Boys
of American literature. (V.)

Haven't we here the young middle-aged woman who cannot quite compete with the paid models in the fashion magazine but who yet catches our eye? (Jn. H.)

15. Their bitter-sweet union did not last long. (A. C.)

16. He was sure the whites could detect his adoring
hatred of them. (Wr.)

17. You have got two beautiful bad examples for parents.
(Sc. F.)

18. He opened up a wooden garage. The doors creaked.
The garage was full of nothing. (R. Ch.)

19. She was a damned nice woman, too. (H.)

20. A very likeable young man with a pleasantly ugly
face. (A. C.)

Exercise II. From the following examples you will get a better idea of the functions of various types of repetition, and also of parallelism and chiasmus:

1. I wake up and I'm alone and I walk round Warley
and I'm alone; and I talk with people and I'm alone and
I look at his face when I'm home and it's dead. (J. Br.)

2. Babbitt was virtuous. He advocated, though he did not

practice, the prohibition of alcohol; he praised, though he did not obey, the laws against motor-speeding. (S. L.)

3. "To think better of it," returned the gallant Blandois,
"would be to slight a lady, to slight a lady would be to
be deficient in chivalry towards the sex, and chivalry towards
the sex is a part of my character." (D.)

4. Halfway along the righthand side of the dark brown
hall was a dark brown door with a dark brown settie beside
it. After I had put my hat, my gloves, my muffler and my
coat on the settie we three went through the dark brown
door into a darkness without any brown in it. (W. G.)

5. I might as well, face facts: good-bye, Susan, good-bye
a big car, good-bye a big house, good-bye power, good-bye
the silly handsome dreams. (J.Br.)

6. I really don't see anything romantic in proposing. It
is very romantic to be in love. But there is nothing romantic
about a definite proposal. (O. W.)

7. Г wanted to knock over the table and hit him until
my arm had no more strength in it, then give him the boot,
give him the boot, give him the boot - I drew a deep
breath. (J. Br.)

8. On her father's being groundlessly suspected, she felt
sure. Sure. Sure. (D.)

9. Now he understood. He understood many things. One
can be a person first. A man first and then a black man
or a white man. (P. A.)

10. She stopped, and seemed to catch the distant sound of
knocking. Abandoning the traveller, she hurried towards the
parlour, in the passage she assuredly did hear knocking, angry
and impatient knocking, the knocking of someone who thinks
he has knocked too long. (A. B.)

11. Obviously - this is a streptococcal infection. Obviously.
(W. D.)

12. And a great desire for peace, peace of no matter what
kind, swept through her. (A. B.)

13. When he blinks, a parrot-like look appears, the look
of some heavily blinking tropical bird. (A. M.)

14. And everywhere were people. People going into gates
and coming out of gates. People staggering and falling.
People fighting and cursing. (P. A.)

15. Then there was something between them. There was.
There was. (Dr.)

16. He ran away from the battle. He was an ordinary human being that didn't want to kill or be killed. So he ran away from the battle. (St. H.)

Exercise III. Find and analyse cases of detachment, suspense and inversion. Comment on the structure and functions of each:

1. She narrowed her eyes a trifle at me and said I looked
exactly like Celia Briganza's boy. Around the mouth. (S.)

2. He observes it all with a keen quick glance, not
unkindly, and full rather of amusement than of censure.
(V. W.)

3. She was crazy about you. In the beginning. (R. W.)

4. How many pictures of new journeys over pleasant
country, of resting places under the free broad sky, of
rambles in the fields and woods, and paths not often
trodden - how many tones of that one well-remembered voice, how many glimpses of the form, the fluttering dress, the hair that waved so gaily in the wind - how many visions of what had been and what he hoped was yet to be – rose up before him in the old, dull, silent church! (D.)

5. It was not the monotonous days uncheckered by variety
and uncheered by pleasant companionship, it was not the
dark dreary evenings or the long solitary nights, it was not
the absence of every slight and easy pleasure for which young
hearts beat high or the knowing nothing of childhood but
its weakness and its easily wounded spirit, that had wrung
such tears from Nell. (D.)

6. Of all my old association, of all my old pursuits and
hopes, of all the living and the dead world, this one poor
soul alone comes natural to me. (D.)

7. Corruption could not spread with so much success,
though reduced into a system, and though some ministers,
with equal impudence and folly, avowed it by themselves
and their advocates, to be the principal expedient by which
they governed; if a long and almost unobserved progression
of causes and effects did not prepare the conjuncture. (Bol.)

8. I have been accused of bad taste. This has disturbed
me not so much for my own sake (since I am used to

the slights and arrows of outrageous fortune) as for the sake. of criticism in general. (S. M.)

9. On, on he wandered, night and day, beneath the
blazing sun, and the cold pale moon; through the dry heat
of noon, and the damp cold of night; in the grey light
of morn, and the red glare of eve. (D.)

10. Benny Collan, a respected guy, Benny Collan wants
to marry her. An agent could ask for more? (Т. C.)

11. Women are not made for attack. Wait they must.
(J. C.)

12. Out came the chase-in went the horses - on sprang
the boys - in got the travellers. (D.)

13. Then he said: "You think it's so? She was mixed
up in this lousy business? (J. B.)

14. And she saw that Gopher Prairie was merely an
enlargement of all the hamlets which they had been passing.
Only to the eyes of a Kennicot was it exceptional. (S. L.)

Exercise I. Discuss the semantic centres and structural peculiarities of antithesis:

1. Mrs. Nork had a large home and a small husband.
(S.L.)

2. Don't use big words. They mean so little. (O. W.)

3. 1 like big parties. They're so intimate. At small parties
there isn't any privacy. (Sc. F.)

4. There is Mr. Guppy, who was at first as open as
the sun at noon, but who suddenly shut up as close as
midnight. (D.)

5. Such a scene as there was when Kit came in! Such
a confusion of tongues, before the circumstances were related,
and the proofs disclosed! Such a dead silence when all was
told! (D.)

6. Rup wished he could be swift, accurate, compassionate
and stern instead of clumsy and vague and sentimental. (I. M.)

7. His coat-sleeves being a great deal too long, and his
trousers a great deal too short, he appeared ill at ease in
his clothes. (D.)

8. There was something eery about the apartment house,
an unearthly quiet that was a combination of overcarpeting
and underoccupancy. (H. St.)

9. It is safer to be married to the man you can be
happy with than to the man you cannot be happy without.
(E.)

10. Then came running down stairs a gentleman with
whiskers, out of breath. (D.)

11. It was the best of times, it was the worst of times,
it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness,
it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity,
it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness,
it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair;

we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way - in short the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only. (D.)

Exercise II. Indicate the type of climax. Pay attention to its structure andthe semantics of its components:

1. He saw clearly that the best thing was a cover story
or camouflage. As he wondered and wondered what to do,
he first rejected a stop as impossible, then as improbable,
then as quite dreadful. (W. G.)

2. "Is it shark?" said Brody. The possibility that he at
last was going to confront the fish - the beast, the monster,
the nightmare - made Brady's heart pound. (P. B.)

3. If he had got into the gubernatorial primary on his
own hook, he would have taken a realistic view. But this

was different. He had been called. He had been touched. He had been summoned. (R. W.)

4. We were all in all to one another, it was the morning
of life, it was bliss, it was frenzy, it was everything else
of that sort in the highest degree. (D.)

5. Like a well, like a vault, like a tomb, the prison had
no knowledge of the brightness outside. (D.)

6. "I shall be sorry, I shall be truly sorry to leave you,
my friend." (D.)

7. "Of course it's important. Incredibly, urgently, desperately
important." (D. S.)

8. "I never told you about that letter Jane Crofut got
from her minister when she was sick. He wrote Jane a letter
and on the envelope the address was like this: Jane Crofut;
The Crofut Farm; Graver's Corners; Sutton County; New
Hampshire; United States of America." "What's funny about
it?" "But listen, it's not finished: the United States of America;
Continent of North America; Western Hemisphere; the Earth;
the Solar System; the Universe; the Mind of God - that's what it said on the envelope." (Th. W.)

9. "You have heard of Jefferson Brick, I see, Sir," quoth
the Colonel with a smile. "England has heard of Jefferson
Brick. Europe has heard of Jefferson Brick." (D.)

Exercise III. Discuss the following cases of simile. Pay attention to the semantics of the tenor and the vehicle, to the brief or sustained manner of their presentation. Indicate the foundation of the simile, both explicit and implicit Find examples of disguised similes, do not miss the link word joining the two parts of the structure:

1. The menu was rather less than a panorama, indeed,
it was as repetitious as a snore. (O. N.)

2. The topic of the Younger Generation spread through
the company like a yawn. (E. W.)

3. Penny-in-the-slot machines stood there like so many
vacant faces, their dials glowing and flickering - for nobody.
(B.N.)

4.As wet as a fish - as dry as a bone;As live as a bird - as dead as a stone;

As plump as a partridge - as crafty as a rat; As strong as a horse - as weak as a cat;

As hard as a flint - as soft as a mole;

As white as a lily - as black as coal;

As plain as a pike - as rough as a bear;

As tight as a drum - as free as the air;

As heavy as lead - as light as a feather;

As steady as time - uncertain as weather; As hot as an oven - as cold as a frog;

As gay as a lark - as sick as a dog;

As savage as a tiger - as mild as a dove;

As stiff as a poker-as limp as a glove;

As blind as a bat-as deaf as a post;

As cool as a cucumber - as warm as toast;

As flat as a flounder - as round as a ball;

As blunt as a hammer-as sharp as an awl;

As brittle as glass - as tough as gristle;

As neat as a pin - as clean as a whistle;

As red as a rose - as square as a box. (O. N.)

5. She has always been as live as a bird. (R. Ch.)

6. She was obstinate as a mule, always had been, from
a child. (G.)

7. Children! Breakfast is just as good as any other meal
and I won't have you gobbling like wolves. (Th. W.)

8. Six o'clock still found him in indecision. He had had
no appetite for lunch and the muscles of his stomach fluttered
as though a flock of sparrows was beating their wings against
his insides. (Wr.)

9. And the cat, released, leaped and perched on her
shoulder: his tail swinging like a baton, conducting rhapsodic
music. (Т. С.)

10. He felt that his presence must, like a single drop of
some stain, tincture the crystal liquid that was absolutely
herself. (R. W.)

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