Drilling pattern design

The drilling pattern ensures the distribution of the explosives in the rock, the desired blasting result, and the optimum drilling and blasting economics. Several varying factors must be taken into account when de-signing the drilling pattern: the rock drill ability and blast ability, the type of explosives, blast vibration restrictions, and accuracy requirements of the blasted wall etc. Since every mining and construction site has its own characteristics, the drilling pattern is designed specially to it.

Many mines and excavation sites still plan their drilling patterns manu-ally, but modern computer programs are also widely used, and they facilitate to modify the patterns and predict the effect of changes on drilling, charging, loading and production. Drilling pattern design in tunneling and drifting is based on the following factors: tunnel dimensions, tunnel geometry, hole size, final quality requirements, geological and rock mechanics conditions, availability of explosives and means of detonation, expected water leaks, vibration restrictions, drilling equipment. Miners typically have several vari-ations of drilling pattern to take into account the changing conditions along each tunnel. Drifting in mines is carried out with 5 to 10 drilling patterns for different tunnel sizes (production drifts, haulage drifts, draw points, ramp etc.). When designing a drilling pattern, the main aim is to ensure the opti-mum number of correctly placed and accurately drilled holes.

Задания

1. Переведите текст на русский язык.

2. Ответьте на вопросы к тесту:

a) Why are the rock drill ability and blast ability very important for drilling pattern design?

b) How do computer programs help in designing a drilling pattern?

c) What is the main aim when designing a drilling pattern?

3. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения:

a) Выбор (choice) бурильного оборудования и количества ВВ в зна-чительной степени зависит от буримости и взрываемости породы.

b) При буровзрывных работах должен учитываться ряд (number) важных факторов.

c) Для каждого рудника проектирование буровзрывных работ осуществляется индивидуально.

UNIT 9

Прочитайте текст и письменно выполните задания к нему.

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