Past Progressive (Continuous) Tense

1.Незаконченное, длительное действие, происходившее в какой-то момент или период (в прошлом)

2.Ддлительное действие, которое началось до определенного момента в прошлом и продолжалось в указанный момент. Этот момент может быть определен:

точным указанием времени:

· What were you doing at 6 o'clock yesterday? - Что ты делал в 6 часов вечера? I was reading. - Я читал.

другим кратким одновременным действием в прошлом:

· I was reading when you came in.- Я читал, когда ты вошла.

контекстом или ситуацией, т.е. точное указание времени или начало другого действия выражены в предыдущем предложении или ясны из ситуации:

· I came to the station. My brother was waiting for me on the platform. - Я приехал на станцию. Мой брат ждал меня на платформе.

3.Два длительных действия, которые происходили одновременно в течение одинакового промежутка времени

· While he was speaking to the teacher I was waiting for him. - Пока он разговаривал с учителем, я ждал его.

4.Описания

· This morning was really beautiful. The sun was shining, the birds were singing, and everyone in the street was smiling and saying hello to each other. - Утро было действительно прекрасным. Сияло солнце, птицы пели, люди на улице улыбались, приветствуя друг друга.

Но чтобы сказать, что одно произошло после другого, используется Past Simple:

Arthur gave the sailor his watch and money and the salor went away.

Ex. 1. Read and translate the following sentences

Last summer we lived in Sосhi.

She went to school by bus yesterday.

I had my breakfast at 8 o'clock.

He gave a good mark to Ann.

They didn't have a history lesson yesterday.

You didn't come home in time.

Did you have your breakfast at 8 o'clock? - Yes, I did.

Did you walk or take a bus? - I took a bus.

Did it rain yesterday? - Yes, it did. It rained yesterday.

Whom did the teacher give a good mark to?

I was playing tennis at 3 o'clock yesterday.

When I came in he was speaking to my friend.

They were not watching TV when mother саmе home from work.

It was not snowing in the evening.

We were having dinner when my brother came.

The children were eating apples when the teacher asked them a question.

What was she reading from 10 till 12 on Monday?

What were you doing at 5 o'clock yesterday? I was doing my homework.

Was he sleeping at that time? No, he wasn't. He was not sleeping at that time.

Where were you going when I saw you? I was going to the hospital.

It was raining all day long yesterday.

Ex. 2. Past Simple or Past Continuous

1. I (to play) computer games yesterday. 2. I (to play) computer games at five o’clock yesterday. 3. He (to play) computer games from two till three yesterday. 4. We (to play) computer games the whole evening yesterday. 5. What he (to do) the whole evening yesterday? – He (to read) a book. 6. She (to sleep) when you came home? 7. My brother (not to play) tennis yesterday. He (to play) tennis the day before yesterday. 8. My sister (not to play) the piano at four o’clock yesterday. She (to play) the piano the whole evening. 9. When I came into the kitchen, mother (to cook). 10. She (to cook) the whole day yesterday.

11. When Nick (to come) home, his brother (to play) with his toys. 12. When I (to see) my friends, they (to play) football. 13. When I (to go) to school, I (to meet) my friend. 14. When grandmother (to go) home, she (to see) many children in the yard. 15. When I (to wash) the floor, I (to find) my old toy under the sofa. 16. He (to get up) at seven o’clock yesterday. 17. Father (to come) home at seven o’clock yesterday. 18. I (to read) a book at six o’clock yesterday. 19. She (to fall) asleep at eleven o’clock yesterday. 20. I (to play) the piano at five oclock yesterday.

Ex. 3. Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple, Present Continuous, Past Continuous

1. Look at these children: they (to skate) very well. 2. You (to skate) last Sunday? – Yes, we (to skate) the whole day last Sunday. We (to skate) again next Sunday. 3. My brother can skate very well. He (to skate) every Sunday. 4. What you (to do) now? – I (to wash) the dishes. 5. What you (to do) at three o’clock yesterday? – I (to have) dinner. 6. You (to have) dinner now? 7. Where your brother (to work)? – He (to work) at an institute. 8. Your grandmother (to sleep) when you (to come) home yesterday? 9. What your bother (to do) tomorrow? 10. I (not to go) to the shop yesterday. I (to go) to the shop tomorrow. 11. Where Kate (to go) when you (to meet) her yesterday? 12. When the secretary (to come) tomorrow? 13. At six o’clock yesterday we (to listen) to a very interesting lecture. 14. When I (to enter) the office, the secretary (to type) some lettres. 15. My friend (to ring) me up at eight o’clock yesterday.

Ex. 4. Present Continuous or Past Continuous

1. I (to write) an English exercise now. 2. I (to write) an English exercise at this time yesterday. 3. My little sister (to sleep) now. 4. My little sister (to sleep) at this time yesterday. 5. My friends (not to do) their homework now. They (to play) volley-ball. 7. My friends (not to do) their homework at seven o’clock yesterday. They (to play) volley-ball. 8. Why she (to cry) now? 9. Why she (to cry) when I saw her yesterday? 10. She (to read) the whole evening yesterday. 11. She (not to read) now. 12. I (to go) to the cinema yesterday. 13. I (to go) to the cinema at four o’clock yesterday. 14. I (to go) to the cinema when you met me. 15. I (to do) my homework the whole evening yesterday. 16. I (to do) my homework yesterday. 17. I (not to play) the piano yesterday. I (to write) a letter to my friend. 18. I (not to play) the piano at four o’clock yesterday. I (to read) a book. 19. He (not to sleep) when father came home. He (to do) his homework.

Ex. 5. Past Simple or Past Continuous

1. I (to go) to the cinema yesterday. 2. I (to go) to the cinema at four o’clock yesterday. 3. I (to go) to the cinema when you met me. 4. I (to do) my homework the whole evening yesterday. 5. I (to do) my homework yesterday. 6. I (to do) my homework at six o’clock yesterday.

7. When we were in the country last summer, I (to go) to the wood one day. In the wood I (to find) a little fox cub. I (to bring) it home. I (to decide) to tame the cub. Every day I (to feed) it and (to take) care of it. I (to tame) it the whole summer. Now the fox cub is quite tame. It lives in my house.

8. When I (to go) to school the day before yesterday, I (to met) Mike and Pete. They (to talk) and to (to laugh). They (to tell) me a funny story. Soon I (to laugh), too. I still (to laugh) when we came to school. After school I (to tell) this story at home. My father and mother (to like) it very much.

9. They (to drink) tea when I (to come) home. 10. He (to walk) along the river when a boat (to pass). 11. He (to think) about his plan when he (to fell) asleep. 12. We (to listen) to an interesting lecture yesterday. 13. When I (to enter) the classroom, the teacher (to write) the words on the blackboard and the pupils (to copy them into their exercise-books. 14. They (to get) ready to go out when it (to begin) raining. 15. Yesterday at one o’clock I (to have) lunch at the canteen. 16. When he (to come) in, I (to do) my exercises. 17. What you (to do) at eight o’clock yesterday? 18. At this time yesterday I (to go) home. 19. You (to sleep) when I (to go) out. 20. He (to read) on the sofa when I (to come) in and (to sit) down beside him.

21. At this time yesterday I (to sit) at the theatre. 22. He (to come) back to St. Petersburg on the 15^th of January. 23. I (to go) to the institute when I (to see) him. 24. At this time yesterday we (to have) dinner. 25. He (to write) a letter when I (to come) in. 26. He (to make) a report when I (to leave) the meeting. 27. Yesterday he (to write) a letter to his friend. 28. When I (to look) at them, they (to smile) at me. 29. What you (to do) at six o’clock yesterday? 30. Yesterday the lesson (to begin) at nine o’clock. 31. The cat (to take) a piece of fish and then (to run) away. 32. He (to read) a newspaper when I (to come) in. 33. Yesterday I (to get) up at seven o’clock. 34. The train (to start) at fifteen minutes to ten. 35. He (to put) on his coat and cap, (to open) the door and (to go) out.

Past perfect

1. Действие было завершено до определенного момента в прошлом:

I had written a letter by two o'clock.

2.Одно действие было завершено перед другим действием в прошлом:

She had already left when I came.

I didn't know what I should write. I had never written letters before.

When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home.

When we got home last night, we found that somebody hab broken into the flat.

Сравните Past Perfect и Past Simple:

Was Mary ready to go to the cinema when you came to her?

Yes, she had been ready by the moment.

Jack wasn't in when I phoned him. He was in his office.

Jack had just got home when I phoned him. He had been in his office.

Ex. 1. Read the situations and write sentences in Past Perfect using the words in brackets

Ex.3. Past Simple or Past Perfect

1. When I (to come) home, my mother already (to cook) dinner. 2. When father to return from home, we already (to do) our homework. 3. When the teacher (to enter) the classroom, the pupils already (to open) their books. 4. Kate (to give) me the book which she (to buy) the day before. 5. Nick (to show) the teacher the picture which he (to draw). 6. Mother (to see) that Nick (not to wash) his hands. 7. The teacher (to understand) that Lena (no to do) her homework. 8. I (to know) that my friend (not yet to come). 9. Tom (to return) from the cinema at 5 o’clock. 10. Tom (to return) from the cinema by 5 o’clock. 11. He (to think) that he (to lose) the money. 12. Ann (to tell) me that she (to see) an interesting film. 13. Mary (to tell) us that she (to cook) a good dinner. 14. Yesterday I (to find) the book which I (to lose) in summer. 15. When we (to come) to the station, the train already (to leave).

Ex. 4. Past Simple, Past Continuous or Past Perfect

1. By eight o’clock yesterday I (to do) my homework and at eight I (to play) the piano. 2. By six o’clock father (to come) home and at six he (to have) dinner. 3. By nine yesterday grandmother (to wash) the dishes and at nine she (to watch) TV. 4. When I (to meet) Tom, he (to eat) an ice-cream which he (to buy) at the corner of the street. 5. When I (to come) home, my sister (to read) a book which she (to bring) from the library. 6. When mother (to come) home, the children (to eat) the soup which she (to cook) in the morning. 7. When I (to ring) up Mike, he still (to learn) the poem which he (to begin) learning at school. 8. When I (to look) out of the window, the children (to play) with the ball which Pete (to bring) from home. 9. By ten o’clock the children (to settle) comfortably on the sofa and at ten they (to watch) a TV film. 10. When father (to come) home, wwe (to coo) the mushrooms which we (to gather) in the wood. 11. When I (to come) home yesterday, I (to see) that my little brother (to break) my pen and (to play) with its pieces. 12. When I (to open) the door of the classroom, I (to see) that the teacher already (to come) and the pupils (to write) a dictation.

Passive Voice (Present and Past Tenses)

Ex. 1. Present Simple

Example: The chef makes butter from flour, eggs and milk.

Butter is made from flour, eggs and milk.

1. We make French dressing from oil and vinegar.

2. The restaurant serves lunch from 12 to 3.

3. The barman makes dry martinis from gin and vermouth.

4. The wine waiter opens the wine at the table.

5. The chef makes sauce from flour, milk, butter and cheese.

6. The waiters bring the dishes from the kitchen on trays.

7. Arabic (to write) from right to left.

8. Those programmes (to watch) by millions of people every week.

9. Stamps (to sell) in most newsagents in Britain.

10. The police say that nothing (to know) about the child's family.

11. In English, “ought” (to pronounce) in a lot of different ways.

Ex. 2. Make Present Simple negatives and questions

► Jaguar cars are not made in America (not make).

Where are they made? - In the UK.

1. My name (not spell) with a Y.

How it (to write)? - L, E, S, L, I, E.

2. That kind of bird (not usually see) around here.

Where (to see). - In warmer countries.

3. “Where” (not pronounce) like “were”.

How it (to write)? - Like “wear”.

4. Diamonds (not find) in Scotland.

Where they (to find). - In South Africa, for example.

Ex. 3. Present Simple or Past Simple

1. They (to arrive) at the hotel yesterday.

2. She (to book) the table by phone.

3. The chef (to cook) a wonderful meal.

4. The butter (to melt) in the hot pan.

5. We (to finish) our first course ten minutes ago.

6. He (to thank) us for a nice evening.

7. It (to rain) hard last night.

8. They (to open) the restaurant two weeks ago.

Ex. 4. Past Simple

1. Our passports (to take) by a tall woman in a uniform.

2. These books (to leave) in the classroom yesterday.

3. I don't think this room (to clean) yesterday.

4. We (to meet) at the airport by a driver from the university.

5. Nobody (to tell) what was happening.

Ex. 5. Make Past Simple negatives and questions

► We weren’t paid when we finished the work (not pay).

When were you paid? - Two months later.

1. My father (not educate) in England.

Where he (to educate). - In Germany.

2. The letters (not post) on Tuesday.

When they (to post). - On Thursday.

3. This (to cook) in butter.

How this (to cook). - In margarine.

4. My suit (to make) in England.

Where it (to make)? - In Hong Kong.

5. The restaurant bill (not pay) in cash.

How it (to pay)? - With a credit card.

Irregular verbs

Word order (Порядок слов в предложении)

Простое повествовательное предложение

подлежащее сказуемое определение дополнение обстоятельство

My friend studies interesting subjects at the institute

The students study the language at the institute

1 Обстоятельство образа действия – manner

2 Обстоятельство места – place

3 Обстоятельство времени – time

I met him by chance at the theatre yesterday

Did you see your friends yesterday?

Ann often plays tennis.

Tom walks to work every morning.

She has been in Canada since April.

I am going to Paris on Monday.

It is often possible to put time at the beginning of the sentence.

On Monday I am going to Paris.

Every morning Tom walks to work.

Вопросительные предложения

The Interrogative Sentences

THEY LIKE TO PLAY GAMES

HE IS A STUDENT

Общие вопросы – General questions

(требуют ответа “да”, “нет” – yes, no)

Do they like to play games?

Yes, they do.

No, they do not (don’t).

Don’t they like to play games? – Неужели они не любят играть?

Is he a student?

Yes, he is.

No, he is not (isn’t).

Didn’t he finish his work? - Он не закончил свою работу?

Yes, he did. – Нет, закончил.

No, he didn’t. – Да, не закончил.

Специальные вопросы – Special questions

(начинаются с вопросительного слова)

Who – кто

Whom – кому, что

Whose – чей

How - как

What – что, какой

When - когда

Where – где, куда

Why – почему

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