Additional Exercises

Практикум по правилам чтения

Для студентов I курса неязыковых факультетов. Часть I

Издательство Тюменского государственного университета, 2005

Войтик Н. В., Елесина М. А., Фомина Е. В. Практикум по правилам чтения для студентов I курса неязыковых факультетов. Часть I. Тюмень: Издательство ТюмГУ, 2005.

Данный практикум предназначен для начального этапа изучения английского языка и его цель – овладение навыками чтения и их систематизация. Правила чтения каждой буквы и всех буквосочетаний представлены в многочисленных таблицах. Для отработки произносительных навыков предлагаются также упражнения, тестовые задания и тексты.

Печатается по решению кафедры иностранных языков естественнонаучных факультетов.

Рецензенты: Латфуллина И. Д., ст. преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков естественнонаучных факультетов;

Мастерских С. В., канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков гуманитарных факультетов.

© Тюменский государственный университет, 2005.

© Войтик Н. В., Елесина М. А., Фомина Е. В.

PRE-UNIT

The A B C

Таблица чтения гласных

UNIT 1

1. открытый слог [ eI ] A a-закрытый слог [ x ]	blame, fame, vale, blade, tape, lane, make, pale, sake, ale, hate   sat, lamp, bad, fan, pan, lad, sand, van
2. открытый слог [ I: ] E e- закрытый слог [ e ]	eve, me, mete, Pete, bee   net, lend, pen, spent, bent, left, let, bed, men, ten, best, rest, step
3. открытый слог [ Oυ ] O o- закрытый слог [ O ]	so, no, stone, sole, zone, dome, nose, slope, rose, go lot, stop, not, on, off, spot, odd, slot, doll, dot, soft
4. [ s ] перед e, i, y C c- [ k ] перед a, o, u; в конце слова	c e ntre, spac e, 'sentenc e, c e nt   c a n, c a se, c o r'rect, c o ne, c at
5. [G] передe, i, y   G g - [g ] во всех остальных случаях	But: g e t [ gеt ], g i ve [ gIV ], g ir l [ gq:l ]   g a le, g o d, grim, 'g o ssip, glad, g a s, g o t pag e, g y m, 'g y psy, 'g e ntle
1 а) tram bag pan tramp pram mass grand ram drag lass	b) date late plate state skate	fate made trade wade safe
c) graze – braze – craze maze – mane – dame ale – sale – make ape – tape – plate ace – cape – crape late – tale – trade save – sale – same	d) pan – pane flat – late can – cane bat – bate Sam – same hat – hate tram – tame glad – glade man – mane mat – mate rat – rate lamp – lane tap – tape fat – flake

Test yourself: blame, pale, mate, fate, make, fame, lamp, stamp, lake, bad, late, plan, ale, date, vale, bat, nave, tape, pan, fan, blade, lane, cake, brake, wake, flake, cape, Sam, tram, can, bake, tack, glad, hat, maze, grace, trace, skate, sad, bag, Ann, game, sat, lamp.

2 a) trek pen Nell b) met – mete fence – Eve

stress press leg pet – Pete mend – Mede

mess left keg bed – be met - mete

hem dress peg bell – grebe zed – zebu

lest stem egg wed – Swede melt – bede

beg spell desk cent – grebe

d) bat – bet – bade ass – mess – mace man – men – mane

bad – bed – bade dam – den – dam cab – ken – cane

flat – let – late pan – pen – pane lamp – led – lane

3 a) home – Rome prone – strove spoke – coke

bone – cone tone – prone broke – stoke

no – stone robe – rope dome – nose

strove – grove probe – grope home – rose

code – vote lode – note tone – close

smoke – woke lobe – lope pole – vote

b) trod pond prod prop smog

moss grog loss drop dot

lost stop bog spot loss

c) boss – broke cross – loss hop – hope blob – lobe

not – note stoke – coke mop – mope nod – node

mock – smoke rod – rode cod – code pop – pope

d) Oh, no! Go home alone! Don’t go slow. Don’t go slowly, Joe. Don’t go slowly, Joe, there is no snow. Don’t go slowly, Joe, there’s no snow on the road.

4 a) can act correct camp clap

cat fact cost club crop

b) cent space trace cist place

ace nice ice cell pencil

face price 'pencil cyst

c) cist – cyst cab – cad – cam since – fence

cell – Celt can – camp – cap mince – pence

cell – cent cob – cod – con since – mince

clog – crop – cop fence – pence

cum – scum – cut hence – trace

5 a) gem – gym b) gap – gas – gad

gest – gist got – god – gob

gig – gyp golf – glad – grab

gin – gim grog – gloss – goblin

age – rage

page – strange

gentle – range c) bad – lag – hag – brag – crag

'gypsy [ 'GIpsI ] beg – leg – keg – clog – peg

big – pig – brig – Greg – big

bog – log – hog – fog – flog

Test yourself: 'sentence, gym, 'gypsy, gig, range, cent, cor'rect, snow, mince, bade, scene, rage, since, 'local, cell, smoke, code, probe, centre, glad, spent, lend, cape, mete, desk, late, hate, cane, bed, camp, ice, price, page, age, crag, beg, 'traffic, hence, face, land, lace, table, hand, place, stop, Rome, close, test, rode, can, drive, cake, tent, page, state, pole, tip, brake, code, lake, damp, tell, came, stand, trace, side, nice.

UNIT 2

6.Y y - [ j ] в начале слова	yes, yet, yell, yelp, yoke
7. открытый слог [ QI ] I, Y- закрытый слог [ I ]	by, dye, my, tie, size, mine, fine, dive, style, pine, like, time, tyke, bye, dyke, type, life if, nip, tip, fit, tin, kid, tint, is, did, 'system
8. открытый слог [ jυ: ] U u-[ υ: ] после r, l, j закрытый слог [ A ]	cube, rule, mule, use, Hume, rude, brume, June, junior nut, but, cut, bus, sum, hug, luck, brush But:busy [ bIzI ]
9.ck - [ k ]	lick, lack, stick, nick, black, sack, deck, pack, clock, stuck

6 a) yes – yet bell – yell

you – yoke elm – yelp

yam – yak end – yes

7 a) it – did nip – nib trip – big

bit – bid rip – rib strip – pin

it – lid strip – trim miss – print

kit – kid pin – bin him – grip

prim – brim prill – brill list – still

b) by style tyke fly – sly

my dyke type fry – pry

cry syce Tyke my – dry

c) file – tile mile – pile rid – ride tie – die

fine – dine lime – crime grid – bride bye – dye

pipe – ripe gripe – stripe scrip – scribe lie – pie

ride – side bride – pride mince – mine lye – rye

drive – wife strive – wife wince – wine

8 a) use – fuse – cute brume – Rome mule – mole

mute – fume – Hume rule – role Hume – home

muse – cube – tube prune – prone fume – bone

huge – mule –due tune – tone huge – cola

b) ruse – Bruce plume – flute price – spruce

rune – prune flute – fluke rise – ruse

Hume – brume fluke – plume scribe – cube

prude – brute fly – flute rice – truce

rude – crude ply – plume 'useful – re'fuse

due – huge fly – rude pro'duce – oppor'tunity

dry – dune

c) cub – cube tub – tube fuss – fuse huge – cute

us – use hug – huge tune – truce tune – mule

cut – cute luck – Luke dune – spruce rug – glue

rud – rude nut – true suck – stuck duck – duke

run – rune rut – dug struck – cut brush – Brume

plum – plume bus – blue sum – mule luck – fluke

rub – rule rub – rude 'under – use dull – duke

d) dis'cuss, 'customer, pro'duction, 'study, 'under, 'uncle, 'unit, un'less, un'like, un'til, up, up'set, up-to-day

Test yourself: by, dye, my, tie, size, but, if, nip, tip, system, fit, mine, gum, fine, dive, tin, style, pine, fun, tug, life, side, lift, sin, pipe, tide, kid, like, time, up, tint, tyke, bye, dyke, yelp, dike, is, did, nine, type, life, hug, slip, bug, dip, lid, mill, kill, like, file, smile, try, glade, glide, globe, dame, dime, dome, plug, grape, ripe, rope, stale, style, stole, huge, raze, rise, yoke, rose, tape, type, cup, trope, bug, lug, nut, cock, left, page, cross, deck, run, plus, big, tube, study, sum, tube, cone, dress, me, sunny, luck, rule, dry.

UNIT 3

10 a) bug – book b) good – hook

hug – hook stood – took

tug – took foot – book

nut – nook wood – look

lug – look cook – wool

c) loo – too – zoo – woo d) poodle

loom – toon – zoom – swoon noodle

loop – stoop – swoop toodle

sloop – coop – troop – snoop tat'too – sa'loon

hoot – loot – root – moot bal'loon – ba'boon

11 a) gap – jab gut – jut got – jot jib – gin

gust – just gum – jam gog – jog jest – gest

gag – Jack gosh – Josh god – Jo just – gist jam – gem jin – gin

b) jest – yes jazz – yam

jet – yet Jack – yak

jam – yam Jam – yell

c) dog – dodge leg – fledge bad – badge

log – lodge hog – hedge odd – dodge

bag – badge brig – bridge bud – budge

plug – plunge egg – edge fled – fledge

fringe – hinge lunge – plunge led – ledge

12 a) shop – shot b) ash – dash – rash – cash

shell – shelf mesh – dish – fresh – fish

shall – sham smash – splash – crash – trash

shock – shod rush – hush – flush – crush

chat – shunt shut – shim – shrill – shrimp

13 a) chess chest check b) hatch – latch – match – much

chap chat champ fetch – drench – crutch – snatch

chin chill chip itch – hitch – pitch – rich – scratch

chop chuck chat

c) chip – ship cash – catch d) back – batch – badge

chop – shop crush – Dutch block – blotch – lodge

crutch – grudge etch – edge deck – etch – edge

fetch – fledge inch – fringe luck – lunch – plunge

blotch – lodge check – change lick – lynch – hinge

[ 'CeInG ]

e) Madge – age

badge – page

cadge – cage

cadge – sage

Test yourself: fledge, luck, fetch, chip, itch, match, badge, yell, root, smash, wood, bug, sa'loon, bridge, June, joke, huge, gulf, yoke, good, took, inch, such, jazz, hook, zoo, stood, catch, fresh, bridge, fledge, crash, chat, crush, wool, jump, loop, jest, moon, fresh, hatch, check, shape, noodle, go, block, shelf, judge, shine, kitchen, cage, loose, jungle, shell, ditch, spoon, shape, gum, chest, fridge, soot, June, pitch, trash, shall, chuck, jet, food, shock, cool, sock, log, swoon, jab, loom.

UNIT 4

14.ee - [ I: ] ea	see, meat, feet, need, lead, sleep, deed, sea, feed, fleet, zeal, east, keep, feel, pea, deal, leaf, mean
15. ai - [ eI ] ay	pain, vain, mail, day, lain, may, pay, say, clay, aim, fail, sail, bay, lay, claim, plain
16.e, i, y-[ I ] в безударном положении	'stud y, 'nois y, 'lobb y, 'pon y, 'sorr y, 'lorr y, 'dut y, b e 'gin, d i 'vide
17. [ T ] th- [ D ]	theme, thick, thin, depth, tenth, fifth they, these, then, with, them, those, thus, this, that, father
18. o в безуд. полож. a - [ q] u	'sof a, 'comm a, 'husb a nd, p a 'rade   a 'gain, a 'go, t o 'day, u p'on

14 a) fee – tree keep – been – seen

feel – green speech – keen – green

sheet – sheep feed – need – sleeve

freeze – meet see – sweep – feet

bee – see need – deep – sleep

b) fee – feel c) eat – meat mete – meat – meet

glee – green tea – sea seam – seem – weak

lee – sleep pea – beam scene – scream – screen

bee – been heat – neat eat – pea – clean

see – seen tree – meat sea – seat – cheap

deep – keen east – deal deal – each – seat

d) week – weak e) weal, veal, teen, weed, real, deed, treat,

see – sea weald, wheel, beach, Greek, peak,

meet – meat sneeze, sheep, sweep, seal, reap

speech – speak

reed – read

seem – seam

screen – scream

f) lead – lid bean – bin g) feel – fill green – grin

leap – lip eat – it beet – bit heed – hid

least – list reach – rich week – wick sleet – slit

meal – mill seat – sit cheek – chick been – bit

peach – pitch heat – hit sleep – slip fleet – fit

beat – bit peak – pick seek – sick sweet – wit

each – itch read – rid deed – did feel – fit

Read: The art of Biography

Is different from Geography.

Geography is about maps,

Biography is about chaps.

15 say sail stay stain main

day drain tray tail train

pay pail play plain gait

way wail may Spain lay

16 a) 'baby 'sorry b) 'carry – 'tarry 'merry – 'Perry

'lady 'lorry 'marry – 'parry 'cherry – 'sherry

'very 'crazy 'sorry – 'sherry fatty – jolly

'lobby 'finally 'ferry – 'cherry dandy – fancy

'berry happy

c) em'bed d) 'marry e) in'scribe

re'cede 'very in'blame

de'stroy 'baby dis'close

re'ply 'lady dis'cover

de'fy 'story dis'cuss

de'ny 'vary 'public

f) Be'gin to read.

Ex'plain it.

Re'peat it, please.

Re'peat it again.

'Try it again. The rain in Spain is mainly in the plain.

17 a) thin thick theft thrift b) with

width thump throb thin thus

thrill thrum thrill thud them

myth depth smith thug this

math tenth thug thrust that

thump theft depth myth then

kith filth smith cloth than

c) this – myth that – math with – filth

this – pith that – depth with – smith

this – throb that – thrill with – thrill

d) sick – thick zip – this

sin – thin zed – then

silk – thrill Zen – then

mat – math dad – that

tilt – filth dust – thus

kit – kith disk – this

tent – tenth den – then

18 a) a'gain 'comma up'on a'gree suc'cess

a'go 'sofa un'less pro'pose 'algebra

to'day a'bout sug'gest o'pinion 'binary

a'gainst sa'lute un'like con'trol 'capital

b) a 'book, a 'house, a 'boy, a 'pen, a 'song, an 'end, a man, a dog, a club

Test yourself: zoom, ago, nurse, jest, ba'boon, 'traffic, foot, prize, ad'dress, 'comma, 'public, June, tease, u'pon, jest, thrum, thug, 'hurry, crush, with, de'ny, pith, de'fy, breath, em'bed, past, flask, di'rect, breathe, re'cede, math, thrill, thus, in'flame, vast, 'marry, mess, chum, 'family, agree, theme, thick, happy, width, length, them, student, myth, story, rep'ly, gain, then, sixth, with, com'pose, bath, bathe.

UNIT 5

19 a) fix next fox b) ex'act

text six flax ex'hibit [ Ig'zIbIt ]

ox box ax ex'aggerate [ Ig'zæGqreIt ]

mix Max e'xist [ Ig'zIst ]

ex'amination [ IgzæmI'neISn ]

ex'ample [ Ig'zQ:mpl ]

20 a) boy soil join noisy 'boiler

toy spoil joist poison 'boycott

joy toil moist 'roister point

troy oil voice 'toilet coin

21 a) knit – knock knap – nap

knife – knave knick – Nick

knick – knack knell – Nell

knap – knag knack – snack

knot – knob knot – not

knell – knelt knife – wife

b) knap – nap c) knap – cat

knick – Nick knick – kick

knell – Nell knot – cot

knack – snack knock – cock

knot – not knave – cave

knag – nag knob – rob

knife – wife knoll – lot

knave – wave knelt – net

22 a) sing – king gang – tang b) ink – link

ring – bring bang – sprang brink – clink

sling – fling lung – flung drink – think

spring – swing song – gong tank – thank

flank – frank

bunk – chunk

c) sing – sang – sung d) ink sang

ring – rang – rung link ping

cling – clang – clung bank strong

sting – stang – stung trunk bring

spring – sprang – sprung wink swing

fling – flang – flung

e) ran – rang – range f) 'single

ban – bang – bank 'finger

tan – tang – tank 'singular

tug – rung – trunk

thin – thing – think g) sing – singe – inch – ink

sink – sank – sunk bring – cringe – pinch – pink

stink – stank – stunk – stitch

king – fringe – winch – wink

drink – drank – drunk

flung – flunge – hunch – hunk

lung – lunge – bunch – bunk

23 quill – quilt

quick – quip

quiz – quint

quell – well

quest – west

24 a) is – his b) bus 'person add'ress

as – has release 'sense res'ponse

rose – nose case suc'cess

rise – noise suspense c) his – kiss bus – is

lose – close reset his – hiss plus – is

zone – those mesa his – miss us – is

rise – prize cross

zoo – zoom rose

braze – maze close

Test yourself: next, exist, quip, knit, 'singular, knick, set, bang, trunk, voice, e'xaggerate, joy, knag, tang, single, moist, troy, thing, thank, sale, be'long, meeting, ring, song, kneel, knoll, ex'act, send, e'xample, ex'hibit, fix, sane, sake, scent, scene, close, prose, science, quiz, oil, ex'treme, quite, point, text, depth, re'sponse, strength, toy, ex'cept, knee, these, prize, thing, 'liquid, noise, knave, spring, swing, quick, boil, trunk, box, coil.

UNIT 6

25. ea-[ e ]перед d, th	dead, bread, ready, feather, leather, head But: break [ breIk ], great [ greIt ], steak [steIk ], create [ krI: 'eIt ]
26. o-[ A ] перед m, n, th, v	'company, 'become, done, won, 'mother, glove, dove, some, 'cover, front, month, love, 'wonder, a'bove, 'other, come, 'money
27. ew - [ jυ: ] eu	new, few, knew, stew, mew, dew, pew, hew   neutral, feudal, 'Euclid, 'Eugene, 'Europe
28. i+ld,nd- [ QI ]	grind, be'hind, mild, kind, blind, wild, find But: gild [ gIld ], wind [ ωInd ], [ωQind ]
29. igh-[ QI ]	fight, light, might, night, high, right, bright sight, tight, to'night

25 a) head – read – spread – thread – dead – dread

feather – weather – breath – death – stead – lead

b) heading – 'deadly c) a'head heal – head

spread – 'dreadful in'stead deal – dead

thread – steady be'head steal – stead

be'spread beat – breath

be'stread treat – thread

d) heed – head e) Whether the weather be fine,

deep – death Whether the weather be not,

breed – bread Whether the weather be cold,

breed – breath Or whether the weather be hot,

deed – dead We’ll weather the weather

reed – fleet Whatever the weather

Whether we like it or not.

26 son come love wonder other cover become

won some dove mother another money London

front above glove brother month company

27 a) feud few grew rue – drew

deuce new crew due – dew

Zeus chew threw flue – flew

true – sue

b) 'neutral – 'newly 'Andrew – 'Lewis

'Newton – 'Euclid 'newish – a'new

'Eugene – 'Newton re'new – 'newal

28 - 29 a) wild – child – mild

nigh – sigh – nigh – thigh

fight – night – tight – sight – might

slight – light – right – bright – plight

kind – mind – find – bind – blind – rind

b) file – fight mite – might will – wild pile – plight

style – sight tile – tight chill – child

Nile – night lime – light mill – mild

c) wink – wing – wind

brink – bring – bind

sink – fling – find

think – spring – grind

Test yourself: London, night, wind, light, cover, bread, front, new, front, become, 'ready, 'feudal, some, a'nother, won, great, blind, high, Nile, weather, plight, hew, a'bove, to'night, breath, dead, thread, child, high, 'Monday, dew, son, mind, light, come, right, few, bright, find, head, knew, dove, sight, de'light, fight, break, weather, other, done, mild, tight, feather, flew, wonder, might.

UNIT 7

30. [ ∫ ] в словах ch- франц. происх. - [ k ] в словах греч. происхождения	ma'chine, chef, Chi'cago, chimes, chic, champagne [∫æm'peIn ] 'scholar, chrome, chorus, chloride, 'architect, scheme, school
31. гласные в ударном слоге читаются как в открытом слоге перед согласной + le	'stable, 'title, 'able, 'idle, 'maple, 'Bible, 'sable
32. ph- [ f ] в словах греческого происхождения	'physics, phi'losophy, 'telephone, 'phrase, 'photo, 'photgraph, 'telegraph, 'alphabet, 'graphic
33.a+ff, th-[ Q: ]	'pather, 'father, 'bathroom, path
34.a+lm[ m] a+ lf[ f ] [ Q: ] -a+nce a+nch a+nt	palm, balm, salmon, calm calf, half, halves dance, glance, France, chance ranch, branch grant, plant, can’t, shan’t
35. ey - [ eI ] ei	grey, o'bey, they, veil
36. a+s+cогл.- [ Q: ]	ask, task, fast, grasp, plaster, master, pass, class, task, grass, last, vast, last

30 machine, chef, Chicago, chimes, chrome, chlorite, scheme, chorus, architect, mechanic, technical, character

31 a) tape – table b) rifle sable cobble

state – stable stifle cable noble

cape – cable trifle table ogle

ape – able cycle stable fugle

babe – fable title Maple Bible

idle bridle

32 phone phase 'phantom 'telegraph

phlok phrase Phillip 'atmosphere

Phipps photo phut 'alphabet

Phony phobia 'paragraph

33 a) staff – chaff b) calm – palm calves – halves

aft – craft – shaft calm – charm leaf – leaves

bath – path – lath balm – palm life – lives

staff – bluff – fluff calf – half wife – wives

c) France – chance – dance – glance shunt – shan’t

plant – grant – can’t – shan’t hunt – can’t

branch – stanch – ranch – planch stuff – staff

cuff – chaff

d) bat – bath

lad – lath

pat – path

34 a) calm – palm calf – half half – harm calm – charm

calf – half calf – scarf balm – barn palm – farm

calve – halve

balm – palm

35 a) grey fey b) same – they plane – feint

rein vein face – fey wave – vein

veil trey trace – trey crane – rein

they skein

feint ley

36 a) class – pass – glass – grass – brass

ask – task – flask – bask – mask

fast – past – cast – vast – mast

b) past – pass – grasp

fast – glass – clasp

cast – class – gasp

last – grass – rasp

Test yourself: ma'chine, phlok, 'telephone, rein, 'technical, 'alphabet, chaff, halves, phrase, glance, staff, chef, 'chronicle, path, grey, cable, obey, palm, calm, fast, de'mand, me'chanics, 'character, plant, noble, scholar, stable, physics, graphics, they, pass, glass, fast, task, class, past, branch, bath, half, hey, glass, stable, noble, photo, idle.

UNIT 8

37. au - [ L ] aw	'autumn, hawk, law, paw, draw, August, 'saucer, fault, dawn, maul, Paul, pawl, 'raucid, raw, saw, sawn, 'saunter, saucy, tawdry, taut, 'tawny, pause, vaunt, bawd, awful
38. lt a-[ L ] ll lse lk[ k ]	'Baltic, chalk, palsy, palter, talk, walk, waltz, altar, alter, 'altering, bald, balk, 'balsam, chalk, 'falcon, falter, halt, also, 'almost, all
39. oar-[ L ]	oar, boar, hoard, hoar, hoarse, coarse
40. au + gh-[ L ] ou	caught, fought, nought, brought, thought, taught, sought, 'naughty, draught, ought
41. qua-[ kωL ]	'quadrant, quad, 'quadral, quaff, 'quadrate, 'quarrel, 'quality, 'quantity, quant, quart, quartz, quash, 'quarry

37 a) paw saw b) haunt – taunt c) 'August – 'aurrist

maw raw haunch – launch 'aura – 'aural

jaw yaw 'Mauna – jaunt 'austral – 'auburn

law caw 'awful – 'sawmill 'auto – 'autum n

claw slaw 'bawdy – 'sawder (n не читается)

taw thaw 'trawler – 'crawler

38 a) all – fall – small – tall – stall b) talk – chalk all – balk

call – ball – salt – small – false chalk – walk wall – walk

falling – calling – stalling – wall small – talk stall – stalk

salty – fallen – baldly – spall all – chalk call – chalk

task – talk mask – chalk

ask – chalk cask – stalk

stalk – balk bask – balk

c) calm – palm calf – half carves – halves

calm – balm palm – half calf – scarf

39 board, coarse, hoarse, roar, boar, oar, hoard, hoar, soar

40 a) ought fought draught

nought saught daughter

bought thought brought

b) fort – fought ought

sort – sought 'daughter

thorn – thought draught

north – naught caught

41 a) quad – squad b) 'quadrant c) quail quiet

quash – squash quadral quaint quill

gosh – quarrel quadrate quake 'quota

quality queen

qualifi'cation quick

Test yourself: auto,bauble, fault, 'quality, half, 'naughty, coarse, wall, alter, Paul, wash, fought, quart, ought, hoar, walk, 'saucer, 'August, 'quarrel, 'daughter, 'almost, 'Baltic, draw, 'quarter, auto'matic, cause, call, brought, thought, low, caught, false, quantity, hoard, quant, pause, bought, thought, quash, spall, chalk, author.

UNIT 9

42. er ir [ q: ] в yrударном urслоге	herd, turn, skirt, sir, terse, dirty, serf, nerve, first, curd, purse, thirty, serf, girl, burst, spur, turtle, myrtle
43. eer - [ Iq ] ear ere	cheer, beer, veer, steer, clear, ear, hear, near, fear, year, dear, queer, deer, dear, merely, mere, sere, here But: were [ ωq ], [ ωq: ]
44. ire - [ QIq ] yre	tired, mire, lyre, Shire, tyre, hire, sa'tire
45. ure-[ jυ:∂]	lure, pure, cure, en'dure, se'cure
46.oor-[ υq ]	moor, spoor, poor But:floor [ flL ], door [ dL ]

42 a) her, ob'serve, 'verses, 'person, re'turn, merge, ab'surd, heard, re'serve

b) fur – 'further surd – 'surplus nurse – 'murder

fur – 'furnish Turk – 'Turkish surd – 'sturdy

fur – 'furnace turk – 'turnip urge – 'urgent

curl – 'curly purr – pure plur – lure

curt – cure 'purchase – 'turnover 'curtain – cure

occur – obs'cure fur – fure

c) thirst – third sir – 'circus first – firstly

firm – 'firman bird – birch dirt – dirty

Read: I observed. I observed an absurd person. I observed the absurd person and I heard her. I observed the absurd person and I heard her recite the verses. When I returned I observed the absurd person and I heard her recite the verses.

43 a) deer beer sere sphere queer

ear near veer steer fear

Shear smear dear rear tear

Here mere spear hear clear

b) nearing, steering, fearing, rearing, clearing, cheering

44 a) mire hire tire fire wiry wiring

spire sire quire byre miry firing

tyre pyre lyre squire hiring tiring

b) ad'mire at'tire de'sire

cons'pire re'spire ex'pire

re'quire in'spire re'tire

en'quire

c) fine – fire type – tyre fir – fire

wide – wire site – sire sir – sire

hide – hire mile – mire bird – byre

spite – spire pipe – pyre birch – lyre

quite – quire ar'rive – ad'mire 'firman – 'fireman

45 a) en'dure pure – purely

al'lure pure – purer

se'cure pure – purest

lure – luring

46 a) poor – poorly b) cute – cure huge – pure

poor – poorer rule – poor mule – moor

poor – poorest plume – spoor

Test yourself: west, term, sphere, here, breeze, these, were, sere, chest, hem, stress, prefer, bed, germ, further, curtain, smart, burst, learn, pure, near, firm, turn, se'cure, wire, circle, hear, verb, cheer, curve, clear, spoor, cure, nerve, burn, re'tire, queer, fire, dirty, third, require, tyre, re'turn, dear, merge, poor, con'vert, ad'mire, hire, person, sir, fur, 'circuit, 'ther'mal, surface, university, early, 'thirsty.

UNIT 10

47. ar- [ Q: ]	cart, hard, bar, large, yard, charm, harm, dark, star, bard, car
48. are- [ e¶ ] A + r + гласная	rare, hare, care, square, stare, share, spare, bare, scare But: are [a:]
49.air -[ eq ] eir	air, hair, fair, pair, chair, stair, dairy, fairy, their
50. or - [ L ] ore	cord, fork, score, port, sport, more, born, core, store, short, sort, forty, explore
51. wa-[ ωO ]	watch, want, wash, wand, wash, was, wander, water, walk
52. war- [ ωL ]	war, ward, warn, warm, re'ward
53. wor- [ ωq: ]	word, worse, world, worst, 'worship, 'network

47-48 a) mar – mare dark – dare barn – bare

car – care spar – spare farm – fare

star – stare far – fare harm – hare

bar – bare charm – chair tar – tare

b) mate – mare wake – ware

cate – care rake – rare

state – stare bake – bare

shake – share fate – fare

c) far – car – bar – mar – tar – star

car – cart – barn – card – par – carp

part – start – tart – smart – cart – art

arm – farm – darn – barn – tarn – charm

d) cat – cart bad – bard fame – farm scape – scar

mat – smart match – march Dane – darn cape – carp

cap – cart cad – card shame – charm shape – sharp

bat – Bart dad – yard stake – stark spade – spar

e) mare bare care dare fare share

air pair hair fair their careful

prepare parent hairy daring farewell careless

49 a) fair – fairly pail – pair hail – hair air – airship

hair – hairless fail – fair air – aim pare – fairy

air – airless chain – chair stain – stair

b) they – their c) fair – fail dare – daring

they – there hair – hail stare – staring

they – where rare – rail share – sharing

where – there chair – chain care – caring

stair – stain pare – parent

air – aim flare – flaring

51-53 a) was – squash watt – wand

watch – wash want – squat

b) 'warmer – wormy work – worker c) 'farmer – warder

warder – worker wored – woredly 'former – warder

wardress – worthy worse – worser varnish – warship

warship – worship worst – worsen Cornish – warty

re'ward – reword worth – worthy [ 'ωq:DI ] barman – wardress

a'ward – a word word – wordy corner – warmer

farther – warmer corny – warship

d) tapper – taper – Tarter ladder – lazy – larder

chatter – chaser – charter manner – maker – market

panty – paper – partner

Test yourself: mare, charm, wormy, award, want, worst, forty, ex'plore, worse, store, share, watch, work, born, card, cord, world, more, far, hard, fair, forty, store, yore, York, porch, phone, are, sore, morning, code, core, harm, their, torn, forge, spore, scorch, far, barn, shake, fare, trade, tale, bag, Sam, dare, care, car, mate, smart, card, rare, fate, square, stare, shame, bart, yard, bare, ware, re'ward, re'port, walk, prepare, article, pair.

UNIT 11

54. ou- [ Qυ ] ow- [ Qυ, Oυ ]	[ Qu ] out, a'bout, round, town, ground, brown, pound, a'mount, gown, loud, down [ Ou ] row, know, show, blow, throw, snow
55. our - [ Qυq ] ower	our, flour, sour, flower
56. wr- [ r ]	wrist, wrench, wry, write, wrap, wrong
57. wh- [ ω ] wh + o[ h ]	whine, why, wheel, whale, while, whim, wheat whose [ hυz ], who [ hυ ], whom [ hυm ], whose [ hυz ]

54 [ Qυ ] [ Oυ ]

a) bow al'low browse bow slow

row ac'count crown row tow

cow dis'count ground show mow

now 'output noun glow flow

'powerful found mouse known borrow

b) lone – glow stone – mown

so – slow rose – row

no – mow snow – smoke

c) faun – found sauce – house d) hawk – how

haunt – hound fault – foul dawn – down

laud – loud staunch – stout claw – clown

Maude – mound pause – rouse pawn – pound

pawl – foul

55 a) our – sour – dour – flour – scour – hour [ Qυq ]

b) our – out sour – stout hourly

hour – oust flour – flounce sourly

scour – scout dour – doubt flouring

our – noun sour – south dourer

hour – mouth hour – house scouring

56 write – wrote write – wrung wrest – west

writ – wrist wrong – wring wring – wing

wrest – wreck wren – wrench wrote – wove

wrack – wrap wry – wren

wrest – rest write – rite

wrack – rack wrench – trench

wring – ring wry – try

57 a)when – which – why – what b) while – wine which – witch

whole – hole – whole – hole what – watt whale – wake

who [ υ: ] – whose [ υ: ] who – rule why – wide

when – wet

[ V - f ] [ ω ]

c) vat – fat d) wet – went – well

van – fan west – wept – swept

vet – vent will – win – wit

vend – felt swim – swift – swell

vin – fin twin – twist – dwell

Read:

a) bid – bed – bond – bump – bard still – stem – stop – stump – stamp

pit – pet – pot – but – bat spill – spell – spot – pump – stand

rib – red – rob – run – tram grip – get – grog – grunt – grand

trip – trek – trod – truss – flax print – press – prop – plump – pram

strip – stress – prod – bust – tramp

miss – mess – moss – muss – mass

him – hem – loss – hum – ham b) timber – timer – thirty

list – lest – lost – last – lass sister – spider – skirmish

big – bed – bog – bug – bag finish – final – firmer

pin – pen – pond – pun – pan differ – diver – dirty

Test yourself: wiry, follow, expire, show, yellow, voted, secure, moor, snow, mountain, vet, whose, our, south, stress, down, wrack, while, dwell, wrench, count, slow, low, why, twist, print, hour, wrong, whole, flower, whom, finish, still, swim, write, noun, hourly.

UNIT 12

58. после глух.согл. - [ s ] окончание (e)s - после звонк. согл., гласн. [ z ] после шипящих и свистящих[ Iz ]	ports, months, slopes, cases, forces, pages, chairs, rooms, cameras, borders
59. ea-[ e ] перед sure[ Zq ]	'leisure, 'pleasure, 'measure, 'treasure But:sure [Sυq], sugar [Sυgq]
60. ture- [ Cq ]	'picture, 'lecture, 'future, 'culture, 'nature, 'structure
61. ssian tion cian-[ Sn ] ssion sion - [ Zn ]	'nation, 'Russian, 'dictation, 'station, de'cision, 'action, di'vision, trans'lation

58 a) cut – cuts beg – begs refuses

clock – clocks pig – pigs finishes

weep – weeps will – wills changes

shout – shouts bard – bards buses

b) beef – beeves life – lives

calf – calves wolf [ υ ] – wolves [ υ ]

half – halves loaf – loaves

leaf – leaves scarf – scarves

wife – wives self – selves

shelf – shelves thief – thieves [ I: ]

[ s ] [ z ] [ Iz ]

c)cut – cuts bus – buses

clock – clocks beg – begs gas – gases

paint – paints cave – caves plus – pluses

drink – drinks pig – pigs match – matches

stop – stops grave – graves fetch – fetches

fork – forks hill – hills rich – riches

mark – marks wave – waves age – ages

flirt – flirts club – clubs dress – dresses

hope – hopes ale – ales rose – roses

vote – votes stab – stabs race – races

take – takes pole – poles breeze – breezes

grape – grapes hand – hands hinge – hinges

shape – shapes hole – holes brush – brushes

flake – flakes band – hands tax – taxes

point – points eve – eves fox – foxes

wait – waits ten – tens fix – fixes

suit – suits drive – drives rise – rises

fruit – fruits fan – fans horse – horses

boot – boots lime – limes fuss – fusses

root – roots run – runs dish – dishes

hawk – hawks style – styles boss – bosses

fault – faults ring – rings dash – dashes

haunt – haunts crime – crimes flash – flashes

boat – boats tire – tires kiss – kisses

[ s ] [ z ] [ Iz ]

toast – toasts fire – fires force – forces

weep – weeps wire – wires lodge – lodges

cheek – cheeks side – sides fuzz – fuzzes

creep – creeps song – songs

cheat – cheats long – longs

street – streets tribe – tribes

hook – hooks tube – tubes

book – books lung – lungs

mount – mounts carve – carves

count – counts mule – mules

coast – coasts starve – starves

'object – objects spoil – spoils

'traffic – traffics hire – hires

'subject – subjects try – tries

rocket – rockets serve – serves

stripe – stripes join – joins

bite – bites fly – flies

white – whites sire – sires

wake – wakes dry – dries

[ z ]

nerve – nerves rain – rains hear – hears

bard – bards train – trains steer – steers

lord – lords maid – maids boy – boys

firm – firms need – needs stair – stairs

term – terms read – reads pair – pairs

curl – curls cry – cries trey – treys

form – forms leave – leaves sea – seas

ward – wards sleeve – sleeves fir – firs

bird – birds town – towns day – days

car – cars fry – fries fur – furs

star – stars toy – toys fee – fees

care – cares grey – greys stare – stares

59-60

a)measure – measuring 'picture 'culture 'sculpture

pleasure – pleasurer nature future feature

treasure – treasurer fixture mixture texture

lecture – lecturer capture torture gesture

structure – structural furniture signature [ 'sIgnqCq ]

b) Eat at pleasure,

Drink with measure

What do you usually do at leisure?

61 'section re'ception attraction deduction motion

action at'tention refraction reduction notion

sanction cor'rection distraction production

pro'motion commotion translation e'quation [ I'kωeISn ]

Test yourself: dairy, flour, measure, matches, production, structure, leisure, stair, ear, lecturer, veer, sour, decision, treasure, illusion, sculpture, queer, year, emotion, furniture, action, fair, cheer, our, confusion, television, oppression, mathematician, dresses, cares, leaves.

UNIT 13

[ t ] [ d ] [ Id ]

62 a)chop – chopped bar – barred vote – voted

shop – shopped star – starred de'bate – de'bated

stop – stopped pre'fer – pre'ferred note – noted

chip – chipped offer – offered hate – hated

shock – shocked dare – dared found – founded

chuck – chucked air – aired date – dated

tax – taxed play – played faint – fainted

mix – mixed de'stroy – de'stroyed seat – seated

match – matched lodge – lodged heat – heated

greet – greeted

boot – booted

wait – waited

[ t ] [ d ] [ d ]

b) top – 'stopped blame – blamed row – 'rowed

flop – 'flopped try – 'tried charge – charged

shop – 'shopped flame – flamed tire – 'tired

ship – 'shipped fry – 'fried sneeze – sneezed

chip – 'chipped rage – raged sleeve – sleeved

force – forced cry – 'cried ease – eased

shock – 'shocked dare – 'dared cool – cooled

back – 'backed cone – coned dream – dreamed

pack – 'packed care – 'cared clean – cleaned

crack – 'cracked stone – stoned peal – pealed

check – 'checked share – 'shared fool – fooled

peck – 'pecked close – closed roof – roofed

link – 'linked stare – 'stared slow – 'slowed

wink – 'winked tune – tuned rub – 'rubbed

thank – 'thanked fear – 'feared fog – 'fogged

flank – 'flanked fuse – fused pin – 'pinned

smash – 'smashed near – 'neared poise – poised

crash – 'crashed use – used skin – 'skinned

fish – 'fished fire – 'fired rail – railed

cash – 'cashed charm – charmed leg – 'legged

wash – 'washed hire – 'hired plug – 'plugged

wish – 'wished scorn – scorned bag – 'bagged

tax – 'taxed

fix – 'fixed

[ t ] [ t ] [ d ]

box – 'boxed step – 'stepped play – 'played

mix – 'mixed watch – watched stave – starved

press – 'pressed fork – forked fail – failed

dress – 'dressed cork – corked web – 'webbed

kiss – 'kissed pace – paced trim – 'trimmed

ask – asked trace – traced name – named

fetch – fetched match – matched carve – carved

mark – marked sweep – sweeped call – called

cheek – cheeked leash – leashed show – 'showed

creep – creeped book – booked

63 a)old – cold – fold – hold – bold – gold

b) curl – old c) boat – bold d) oil – old

bird – bold soap – sold boil – bold

hurl – hold goat – gold coil – cold

firm – fold coat – cold soil – sold

turn – told foam – fold toil – told

murk – mold wove – wold foil – fold

64 planning rubbing boxing potting

sitting robbing nesting sensing

stopping digging fishing fencing

hitting bidding singing solving

humming milling sticking flashing

Test yourself: old, cold, fold, gold, 'mated, 'fainted, re'ferred, 'married, opp'ressed, 'sweeped, 'dropped, re'laxed, 'aired, 'entered, 'learned, di'vided, a'voided, ring, sing, planning, walked, priced, liked, scraped, hoped, sloped, talked, asked, washed, turned, turned.

Additional Exercises

Exercise 1

a) Cod – code – cork – core mat – mate – mar – mare

stock – stoke – storm – store plum – plume – blur – lure

shot – shone – short – shore punch – pule – purr – pure

net – neat – nerve – near Nack – shake – shark – share

hen – heat – her – here stack – stake – star – stare

quench – queen – perm – queer cut – cute – curt – cure

fin – fine – fir – fire sit – site – sir – sire

spit – spite – spirt – spire

Exercise 2

'Safe, 'even, 'mine, tube, 'nylon, due, life, style, dry, same, smoke, fame, mile, pole, drive, 'duty, 'eve, those, 'battle, club, jump, much, 'subject, myth, lorry, re'sult, 'butter, cute, pigs, 'budget, 'tiny.

Exercise 3

Bare, pure, care, core, rare, pre'pare, square, fire, 'tired, cure, 'merely, 'circus, star, chart, 'Turkey, term, 'surface, serve, 'hardly, 'organize, trans'form, force, firm, 'murder, 'turnip, con'serve, shore, sphere.

Exercise 4

Pet, peep, been, bee, sleeve, end, mess, bee, smell, seed, life, lift, pine, pin, tie, lie, side, snip, snipe, by, bind, fight, mild, find, site, sight, bay, maid, fleece, pale, cliff, cite, 'tailor, pain, mat, cede, cave, fat.

Exercise 5

Star, wrack, sharp, spends, bone, charm, weave, wrap, bold, doom, coke, fees, witch, arch, cool, whale, cock, wreck, cash, seems, wrist, wheat, boar, wheeze, took, pool, sold, told, shells, whence, while.

Exercise 6

'Tower, wing, pink, quite, worm, knelt, 'diagram, hire, 'power, single, flank, quaint, worst, knave, 'diary, spire, 'flower, sprinkle, quake, worth, knob, 'via, 'wiry, sung, quack, words, knees, 'diamond, shire, 'shower, quest, 'worthy, tire, knives, 'pioneer, de'sire, vio'lin, wires, tire, 'angry.

Exercise 7

Crew, suc'cess, arti'ficial, bathe, laugh, whole, de'cay, 'storage, knuckle, 'moisture, be'hind, sidle, me'chanic, 'pressure, caught, 'virgin, 'naughty, 'fountain, 'sympathy, o'bey, 'feather, sledge, pew, true, exact, cow, 'casque, aunt, a'ware.

Exercise 8

Sport, wove, slave, solve, hunt, ward, hard, stove, worry, hurry, pause, care, ware, as, was, soar, sour, sore, war, pore, square, spoor, flour, more, moor, pure, urge, lynx, hear, room, raze, roam, here, prey, tire, fair, raise, rise, rood, rude, four, or, there, hair, their, they, fare, fur, far, fire, cool, coal, curl, girl, dire, dear, true, warm, work, farm, where, your, tyre, fear, deal, air, quire, world, noun.

Exercise 9

Deep snow, clean seat, raw meat, new grain, each toy, low voice, flew low, smooth Brown, shrewd boy, grey soil, new glue, good wood, frail mail, green paint, main jail, took aim, wool goat, staunch crowd, gay queen, plain boot, low lawn, round cloud, foul hawk, sharp teeth, new tooth, dark hood, proud joy, loud noise, good choice, cheep clay, sea coast.

Exercise 10

Calf – carve, loose – lose, lip – fib, heat – heed, duck – dug, fetch – edge, lent – lend, sink – sing, cliff – live – leaf – leave, bit – bid – beat – bead. Give me five minutes. I believe in a good laugh. Please, use a pencil. His ties look nice. I need a good guide. He died at night. He used to buy used cars. He meets us in Leeds. He left his 'luggage in a 'village pub. Put out your tongue. I think things are changing.

Exercise 11 [ æ – e ]

Man, hand, bad, cap, hat, back, stand back. The man had his hat in his hand. Man – men, land – lend, gas – guess. Fin – fen – fan, miss – mess – mass, bit – bet – bat, bid – bed – bad. Bit – bid, bet – bed, bat – bad. Can I get a black hat? Mack’s neck is fat. The cat has 'blackspecks on her back. He let the cat out of the bag. Lend us a hand. My bed isn’t bad. She has a bad leg. I never said that. The man had ten tinned cans in his bag.

Exercise12 [ O – L ], [ æ – υ ]

Got, lock, Tom. The pot is hot. He stopped the clock. Got – gut, lock – luck, gone – gun. The gun has gone off. She’s sung a song. Tom got a shock in the hot hut. Mop – mob, got – god, dock – dog. Tom is fond of hock. You’ve got a nice job. Short, talk, horn, law, more. They talked about Maude’s naughty daughter. No, home, moment. I don’t smoke. Law – low, court – coat, hall – hole. I bought a boat. The porter had mown the lawn. Court – cord, coat – code. He’s short of cord. Maude bought a long board. They found the code in his coat. Shot – short, lot – lord, fog – fork. Bob knocked at the door. We’ve got four bottles of Scotch. Cut – cot – caught – coat, cud – cod – cord – code.

Exercise 13 [ eI ]

Day, game, make, face, nation. Let’s play a game. Haste makes waste. Play – plays – place, may – made – mate, pain – pained – paint. He waits – he wades. His pains were in vain. He stayed in that state till May.

Exercise 14 [ I, υ, eq, jυ: ]

Fear, idea, fierce. He feared her tears. The fierce storm filled us with fears. Fee – fear, peace – pierce, bead – beard. She hears him sneeze. Poor, sure, tour. What can’t be cured must be endured. Are you sure the doors are secured? Shoe – sure, two – tour, queue – cure. I am sure this is a tour for you too. Hair, share, affair, scarce. They glared and stared at the bear. Take care of your fair hair. May – mare, ways – wears. Can you pay my fare? Dear – dare, fear – fare, really – rarely. I fear it’s not fair. Can you spare a bottle of beer? 'Zero, 'period, ma'terial. The in'terior of the 'theatre was 'seriously 'damaged.

Exercise 15 [ q: ]

Fur, firm, nurse, 'service, oc'curring. My turn comes first. Don’t 'dirty your new shirt. The nurse pulled back the 'curtains. Word, work, worse. His first 'verses are even worse. The early bird catches the worm. Fur – firs – first, learn – learns – learnt. Hurt – herd, burnt – turned. I heard the girl was hurt. First come, first served. The third word is a verb. Fir – fare, stir – stare, early – fairly. Where do you work? It was 'dirty in there.

Exercise 16 [ z – s ]

Zinc – sync, zip – sip, z – said. See, set, sick, seat, 'supper. He seems to be sea-sick. I’ve never seen such sunsets. I like soup for supper. Sing a song of 'sixpence. He sug'gested a 'system of 'simple 'symbols.

Exercise 17 [ ω, tω, ω – V ]

Win, weak, white. In winter the 'weather was wet and windy. What a wonderful week-end! We 'wondered where 'William went. West – vest, wine – vine, 'William – 'village. He went on a 'visit to the West Indies. What a 'wonderful voice! We waited in vain for William and his wife. This word is a verb. We 'never know the 'value of water till the well is dry.

Exercise 18 [ t, d, Id ]

Cramped, boxed, listed, plotted, hoped, worked, walked, fasted, hooked, passed, lasted, standed, roofed, sanded, called, curved, minded, knifed, dried, talked, charged, lighted, clipped, pressed, sealed, cited, backed, locked, rushed, nodded, aimed, waved.

Exercise 19

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