THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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The USA is located in the central part of North America. Its area is 9,363,200 square kilometers. The population of the USA is over 228 million.

The United States is a Federal Union of 50 states. The President is the head of the government He forms the government.

The Constitution is the basic law. It defines the structure and the method of national government and lists its rights and fields of authority (власть).

According to the Constitution the three main branches of the USA government are the executive, the legislative and the judicial.

The executive branch includes the President, Vice-President, and the Presidents' Cabinet.

The function of the executive branch is to administrate and execute the law. Every four years the America people elect the President. But they may re-elect their President for another term of four years.

The function of the Cabinet is to advise the President on any affair he wishes such advice. The Cabinet consists of the heads of the thirteen executive departments - the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Treasury (финансы), the Secretary of Defence and all the rest.

The legislative branch of the government is the Congress. It consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

The senate consists of 100 members, two from each of the 50 members. The House of Representatives consists of 435 members. The population of each state determines the number of members.

The function of the Congress is to make laws and to finance the operation of the government.

The Supreme Court is the highest judicial organ of the United States and the head of the judicial branch.

The major political parties in the United States are the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. This two-party system practically dominates the political life of the country.

Вариант 3

1). Напишите следующие существительные в единственном числе:

courts, lawyers, children, witnesses.

2). Перепишите предложения и переведите их. Подчеркните существительные в притяжательном падеже:

1. My friend's sister plays the piano.

2. Their son's daughter studies at the University.

3. Mary's husband is a prosperous businessman.

3). Поставьте в скобках личные местоимения. Перепишите и переведите предложения:

1. Do (они) speak English?

2. (Она) always comes to work at 8 o'clock.

3. The British Parliament sits in London. (Он) consists of two houses.

4). Поставьте в скобках притяжательные местоимения. Перепишите и переведите предложения:

1. I saw her and (ее) friends.

2. Tell me about (вашей) family.

3. Do you know (его) attorney?

4. Look at that girl. She is (моя) cousin.

5). Перепишите и переведите предложения, подчеркните неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения:

1. Take any book you like.

2. I have some English magazines.

3. There is no witnesses in this case.

4. Have you any money?

6). Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, помните, как переводится группа существительных на русский язык:

1. Near our house there is a very good furniture shop.

2. Where is your hand luggage?

3. Please, tell me how I get to the Employment Agency, which is in Green Street?

7). Перепишите предложения. Укажите, какую функцию выполняет -s:

а) глагол в 3-м лице ед. ч. настоящего времени;

б) существительное во множественном числе;

в) существительное в притяжательном падеже. Переведите предложения:

1. This girls' school is very prestigious.

2. This girls' brother is a student of Foreign Language Faculty.

3. There Swiss watches are very expensive because of their quality.

4. The sun rises in the East.

8). Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык:

1. That dress is more beautiful than this one.

2. She spoke French as well as her mother did.

3. The sooner you'll speak to him, the better.

4. I know the city not so good as my husband does.

9). Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на конструкцию there is /are:

1. There are not any flights for London today.

2. There'll be a conference in Paris next year.

3. There are many branches of Law - criminal Law, civil Law, international Law, parliamentary Law and others.

10). Подчеркните глагол to be в соответствующей форме. Перепишите и переведите предложения:

1. Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy.

2. The main political parties in Great Britain are the Conservative Party and the Labour Party.

3. The Chairman of the House of Lords is, the Lord Chancellor.

4. The Speaker's duty at the debates is to keep order.

5. Mary will be a lawyer in a year.

11). Перепишите предложения, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в настоящем времени, переведите предложения:

1. I don't speak any foreign language.

2. Mr. Shelton belongs to the Conservative Party.

3. London stands on the river Thames.

4. The British Constitution has three branches: Parliament, the government and the law courts.

5. The House of Lords consists of the Lords Temporal, the Lords Spiritual and the Law Lords.

6. Each member of the British Parliament represents one of 650 constituencies in the U.K. (United Kingdom).

12). Образуйте прошедшее время:

а) от стандартных глаголов

to work; to envy; to like; to answer;

б) от нестандартных глаголов

to have; to make; to tell; to feel.

13). Перепишите предложения, переведите их. Подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в прошедшем времени:

1. I graduated from the University in 1993.

2. Last summer we did not go to the seaside.

3. My parents married each other 35 years ago.

14). Перепишите и переведите предложения, подчеркните глагол-сказуемое в будущем времени:

1. We shall travel to France by plane and by ship.

2. I think, he won't do that.

3. Tomorrow they will have four lectures.

15). Перепишите следующие предложения. Найдите сказуемое, определите время глаголов и укажите их инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. I'll leave tomorrow at 6 and arrive in Moscow at 10.

2. He telephoned me an hour ago.

3. There wasn't any interesting films on TV yesterday.

4. I'm sure, they'll work hard.

5. The House of Lords usually discusses the new legislation.

6. The most common type of law court in England and Wales is the magistrates court.

7. Last month I had many people to meet.

8. Were there many guests at your birthday party?

9. Next week we'll have a lot of work to do.

10. England is almost unique in having two different kinds of lawyers, with separate jobs in the legal system.

16). Перепишите и переведите предложения, подчеркните союзы и союзные слова:

1. When I hear this music, I always recall my childhood.

2. He says that he knows them.

3. If the weather is good, we shall go for a walk.

4. I couldn't come because I felt bad.

17). Переведите следующие слова, обращая внимание на суффиксы и приставки (подчеркните их):

law - lawyer - lawful;

constitution - constitutional;

to investigate - investigator - investigation - investigative;

to prove - to disapprove - approval - disapproval;

to execute - execution - executive - executioner,

to use - useful - useless - user,

response - responsibility - responsible;

rest - restless - restlessness;

respect - respectful - respecter.

18). Перепишите и письменно переведите текст «The System of Government». Выучите слова:

to make laws - создавать законы;

to execute laws - исполнять законы;

constituency - избирательный округ;

to interpret laws - трактовать;

to put laws into effect - исполнять законы;

majority - большинство;

minister - министр;

official - официальный;

archbishop - архиепископ;

ministry - министерство;

election - выборы;

peer-пэр;

civil servant - гражданское лицо;

bishop - епископ;

hereditary - наследственный.

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