All, everybody, everything

No and none

1 We use no (= “not a” or “not any”) before a noun.

There's no lock on the door.

There are no letters for you today.

We've got no milk.

We can use no before singular countable nouns eg lock, plural countable nouns eg letters and uncountable nouns eg milk.

No is more emphatic than not a or not any

eg There isn't a lock on the door. There aren't any letters for you today.

2 None is a pronoun; we use it alone, without a noun.

'Are there any letters for me today?' 'No, none, I'm afraid.'

'How much milk have we got?' 'None .'

Before my, this, the, etc or an object pronoun eg us, them, we use none of.

None of my friends have seen the film.

None of the photographs were very good.

None of us have any money.

When we use none of with a plural noun, the verb can be singular or plural.

None of my friends have/has seen the film.

A singular verb is more formal.

EXERCISE 1

Complete the sentences using no or none.

Example:

We really must hurry. There's no time to lose.

1 ___of my family are rich.

2 Unfortunately, there were ___tickets left for the concert.

3 He's so serious. He's got ___sense of humour.

4 I've got ___idea what I'm going to do when I leave school.

5 ____of the students failed the examination.

6 I haven't got any money at the moment, ___at all.

7 My friends and I would all like to go to the concert, but ___of us has got a ticket.

All, every, everybody, everything, whole

All and every

Every has similar meaning to all; every means “all without exception”. Compare:

All the students in the class passed the exam.

Every student in the class passed the exam.

Note that we can use all with plural words, but we only use every with singular words.

All children like playing. Every child likes playing.

We can use all, but not every with uncountable nouns.

Do you like all pop music? (Not:... every pop music?)

All, everybody, everything

A We do not normally use all alone, without a noun, to mean everybody or everyone.

Compare:

All the people stopped talking. Everybody stopped talking. (Not: All stopped...)

I have invited all the students in my I have invited everyone in my class to the party. class to the party. (Not:... all in my class...)

B We do not often use all to mean everything.

Everything is so expensive these days. (Not: All is so expensive these days.)

Have you got everything? (Not: Have you got all?)

But we can use all to mean everything in the structure all (that) + relative clause.

Have you got all (that) you need?

He's forgotten all (that) I told him.

We also use all in the expression all about.

Tell me all about yourself.

We can also use all to mean “the only thing(s)” or “nothing more”.

Г т not hungry. All 1 want is a cup of tea.

All and whole

A Whole means “ complete ” or “ every part of ”. We normally use whole with singular countable nouns.

I didn’t see the whole film. I missed the first part.

I spent my whole salary on clothes last month.

We always use the, my, this, etc before whole + a singular noun eg the whole film, my whole salary.

We can also use the, my, this, etc with all, but the word order is different. Compare:

all the film the whole film

all my salary my whole salary

B We can also use a whole before a (singular) noun.

Mike ate a whole chicken himself.

C We do not normally use whole with uncountable nouns.

We've finished all the coffee. (Not:... the whole coffee.)

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