I. Read the text. Try to understand it and be ready to do the task below.

U.M. SHKALSKIY – FAMOUS OCEANOGRAPHY

AND CARTOGRAPHY. (1856 – 1940).

Yury Mikhailovich Shokalskiy graduated from the Naval Academy and became head of the meteorological department of the Petersburg Observatory.

In summer of 1890 Shokalsky set out on a journey to determine the possibilities of establishing a water rout from Arkhangelsk to Siberia.

In 1897 he began to explore lake Lagoda. Shokalskiy summed up the results of many years of research work in a book entitled “Oceanography”, which he published in 1917.

For years Shokalskiy studied the Black Sea. He worked out a programme of its exploration and organized an expedition. The ship was provided with all modern equipment necessary for scientific work. The ship stopped every 30 miles when in the open sea and every 5 miles when near the coast – line for scientific observations. They studied the sea at different levels from the surface down to the bottom. The scientists took soundings of the sea, collected samples of sea fauna and determined the lowest zone of life.

They carried out the research work day and night. During the expedition scientists came to several interesting conclusions. They established the fact that the concentration of salt in the waters of the Black Sea is lower than in the Ocean, that the maximum depth of the sea is 2245m.. The expedition drew the first map of the sea bottom relief and etc.

Shokalskiy also explored the Northern Sea Route and the Arctic Ocean.

II. Give Russian equivalents:

1. to sum up the results;

2. to work out a programme of exploration;

3. in the open sea;

III. Answer the questions:

1. What did Shokalskiy sum up in his book “Oceanography”?

2. The ship wasn’t provided with all modern equipment

necessary for scientific work, was it?

3. What did the scientists do during their research work?

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