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Conjunctions introducing conditional clauses




 

3.1. Different meanings of if

The conditional clauses in all the examples so far have begun with if. If can vary in its meaning.

 

In Type 0, if is closely related in meaning to when(ever ):

If I make a promise, I keep it. =

When I make a promise I keep it.

 

In some cases, if corresponds closely to as, since, or because (clause of reason)

If (as you say) you haven't done the homework, you won't be able to follow this lesson.

 

If can also mean although (concessive-type clause):

If you know the answer, nobody else does.

= Although you may know the answer, nobody else does.

If meaning although is often used with adjectives.

The room was well-furnished, if a little badly decorated.

 

3.2. Other conjunctions commonly used to introduce 'true' conditional clauses are illustrated in the following sentences:

provided /providing (that)/ on (the) condition(that)

so long as / as long as

We use these conjunctions to emphasize that the condition is necessary to the result. They all mean only if and can only be used with real conditions.

You can borrow my notes on condition (оr provided) that you give them back to me tomorrow.

I'll do what you say provided the police are not informed.

You can come with us, so long as (or as long as) you don't make a nuisance of yourself.

suppose / supposing(that) / assuming (that) / What if

We use these conjunctions to speak about imaginary conditions

Suppose (оr supposing) you told him the truth, what could he do about it?

Assuming (that) it is fine tomorrow, we’ll go for a swim

What if the money doesn’t arrive on time.

We use even if to express a condition that is unexpected in the circumstances.

Even if it rains, we'll still go for a picnic.

in case introduces a future possibility against which a precaution is needed in advance. The difference between in case and if illustrated in the following two sentences:

a I'm taking an umbrella in case it rains later on. (I take it whatever the weather is like now)

b I'll take an umbrella if it rains later on. (I will only take it only if it begins to rain)

 

We use whether … or not to express alternative conditions

They will deliver the furniture whether there is someone to receive it or not.

 

 






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