Проанализируйте и переведите следующие предложения. 1 страница

1. The heaviest blow that the atom bomb fanatics got, however, came
with the dramatic announcement that the Russians also have got the
bomb.

2. As they participate in the fight for dramatic reforms large sections
of the population come to realize the necessity of unity of action and to
become more active, politically.

3. The Administration, of course, is loath to contemplate such a fun­
damental change in its foreign policy. The stakes are too high and Ameri­
can bonds with Europe too numerous to permit such a dramatic situation.

4. The Prime Minister's dramatic European move was timed to divert
public attention from the more dismal news of the freeze.

5. There is & popular tendency, among most newsmen and radio and
TV commentators, to portray Congressmen as men who are working
themselves to death, sweating and suffering heart attacks to serve the
people.

6. He seems to have excluded himself from the vice-presidential can­
didacy at a time when the public Opinion polls report that he is more
popular than both the President and the Vice-president.

7. The victory of the popular revolution in Cuba has become a splen­
did example for the peoples of Latin America.

8. The President of Brazil made himself very popular when he killed

hyperinflation and gave his country a solid currency. But he didn't follow through by reforming government itself.

9. This year the election falls on November 3. The outcome is gener­
ally known the next morning, though formally the balloting takes place in
the Electoral College in early December.

10. The Prime Minister will reply to the speeches on Monday, after
informal talks last night, this evening and tomorrow with the Common­
wealth Prime Ministers, who have been invited in three groups.

11. Some right of privacy, however qualified, has been a major differ­
ence between democracies and dictatorships

12. We must fortify the international system by helping transitional or
otherwise troubled states become full participants. This is essential to
maintain the momentum of democracy's recent advances.

13. In foreign policy political democracies may be isolationist, inter­
nationalist, or imperialist

14. A country whose people are willing to march out into the world,
and if necessary to die there, is a likelier candidate for great-power rank
than one whose people do not feel that way; and the difference matters
even more between two democracies than it does between two dictator­
ships, because in a democracy people's wishes count for more.

15. This policy will ensure that successive currency crises do not af­
fect the level of economic activity and overall welfare of the nation

16. The meeting expressed the hope that the remaining points of dif­
ferences would be settled when the conference is resumed in Geneva.

17. The main item on the agenda, and one over which most differences
exist, was the proposed agreement.

18. A conspiracy is being brewed in Wall Street and Washington to
deny the people any choice in the Presidential elections. The tactic is to
suppress the issues and blur any differences between the Republican and
Democratic candidates.

19. A general strike is one which affects an entire industry, an entire
locality or a whole country.

20. Disarmament will release for civilian employment millions of
people now serving in the armed forces and war industries.

21. This fact is recognition of the weight and power of public opinion,
of its growing influence on international developments

22. The State Secretary was reported to be dispirited by the outcome
of the day's developments and waiting to see what would be done to
shore up his authority.

23. Such development would emphasize the region's economic im­
portance and growth potential which would be reflected in its population
growth, housing and overspill problems.

24. The Prime Minister said that the Government was prepared to set
up publicly owned enterprises in the development areas.

25. In a strategic sense, the Norwegian approach if pressed further,
appears to be a development that could lead toward dividing Europe from
the United States.

26. Already very many sections of the Labour, trade union and coop­
erative movements support policies on these lines. Their members num­
ber millions.

27. To get the kind of Budget the country needs means a fight for a
different policy within the Labour movement.

28. American politics is passing through a highly unusual phase. In a
country where local issues usually dominate voting patterns, foreign pol­
icy has surprisingly emerged as the defining issue of the current political
debate.

29. Mrs. Robinson admits she is not a natural politician in the Irish
sense: she lacks the glad-handing skills so valued in the small world of
Irish politics.

30. Aides billed the president's speech to California business and
policy leaders as a major address laying out his goals for the remainder of
his term.

31. In the fluid world of Middle Eastern politics, the Iraqi Kurds, de­
spite massacres and betrayals, still maintain lines of communication with
the President.

32. But even if conservatives triumph, those involved in the contest
say the energy of street-level politics, and the sense among Iranians that
the election is providing them with a genuine voice in local government,
can only speed the process of liberalization.

33. Nothing would do more to protect American security in the dec­
ades ahead than ensuring that Russia's immense stockpile of nuclear
weapons and materials is diminished and adequately controlled.

34. The next decade or two may bring specific threats from specific
Muslim countries, such as a nuclear-armed Iran or Algeria; but there is no
sign yet of a shoulder-to-shoulder Islam.

35. It can certainly be said that lax management, waste and worse
have been part and parcel of Brussels programmes for decades.

36. No particular fan of an American model, Mr. Pfister describes the
investigation of the US President by an independent counsel as partisan,
inspired by the right wing of the Republican Party, and using inquisition —
like methods.

37. It is surely chauvinistic to identify the West with America and

Britain alone, and partisan to attribute its slow triumph to one favoured thread of an ever complicated politics

38. No mean partisan Representative, Tom Campell, Republican of
California, has joined with Representative Barney Frank, Democrat of
Massachusetts, to gather some 40 congressmen to demand on constitu­
tional grounds that the president obtain authority from Congress before
taking military action against a country [Yugoslavia].

39. A full warning [of nuclear blackmail] came from the report of the
commission on missile threats. This was a bipartisan commission, with
members who have often disagreed on weapons issues.

40. Under a compromise already reached by the Environment Minis­
ter, a Greens lawmaker, and the Economics Minister, a non-partisan en­
ergy expert, the ban (of sending spent fuel out of Germany for reprocess­
ing) will not take effect until a year after passage.

41. Years of partisan wrangling over the US deficit, taxation, foreign
aid and contributions to international organizations have created a con­
sensus that Americans cannot pay more and resentment that the European
allies appear to be paying less.

42. The Iraqi Kurds may be running their affairs autonomously for
now, but all know how devastating the disciplined Iraqi armored units can
be against their lightly armed guerrillas.

43. The report said the Mayan population in Guatemala paid the high­
est price, when the military identified them as natural allies of the guer­
rillas.

44. Whether a second chamber should be elected or nominated, with
regions or special interests represented, is getting decision the wrong way
round.

45. The death of about 500 people in an explosion in South-Eastern
Nigeria is being blamed on the sabotage of a fuel pipeline: saboteurs
breached it last week.

46. Tired of corruption and crime in the state (Maharashtra, India),
voters, with some help from a few honest bureaucrats, are starting to dis­
own bad government.

47. Few among her admirers would call her a natural bureaucrat, or a
natural diplomat, or a good «details» person — all of which a European
commissioner needs to be.

48. In recent years in particular, an emboldened class of investigating
magistrates has made unprecedented progress in investigating public offi­
cials suspected of abusing their position.

49. In the Balkans and elsewhere, we are supporting the advocates of
moderation and tolerance against the ruthless exploiters of ethnic hatred.

50. Americans must exert themselves not only to listen more carefully
to European concerns but also to convey them accurately to political
opinion makers in the USA.

51. Domestic law enforcement has many techniques for gathering
data, including lawful wiretaps and grand jury investigations.

52. Many of the most internationalist of administration officials feed
rather than combat congressional resentment [over the European allies].

53. The war in Kosovo is a reminder of the split between interven­
tionists, such as Mr. McCain, and isolationists, such as Pat Buchanan, a
fire-breathing presidential aspirant who says that the United States should
never have got involved in the Balkans in the first place.

54. The offenders were told, that the Police Department would use all
its legal powers against them unless the killings stopped.

55. The new model was brought to Barclay, which is a public school.
It means lots of homework, a gruelling workload of spelling tests, rigor­
ous instruction in math and science, and steady infusion of world history,
literature and art to ensure that the children become «culturally literate.»

56. Calvert is an exclusive private school in Baltimore, with an over­
whelmingly white, middle-class student body and an outstanding aca­
demic reputation.

57. The traditional curriculum, such as it was, virtually disintegrated
during the campus upheavals of the 1960s, when millions of students de­
manded and won the right to get academic credit for studying whatever
they pleased.

58. Direct democracy obliterates the distinction between government
and the governed, it is a system of popular self-government.

59. With American unemployment at record post-war low and the
economy steaming ahead, industries such as steel and memory chips have
resorted to anti-dumping suits to protect themselves against imports.

60. Mr. Howard is relying on the minutes of a meeting held on January
10^th at the Home office to support his claim that he did not mislead MPs.

61. If the Prime minister is to win the referendum he plans to call soon
after the next election, he needs the European project to continue to con­
vey an impression of remorseless forward momentum... What, though, if
the momentum stalls, or seems to?

Часть II

i

ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ПЕРЕВОДА НА СМЕШАННЫЕ ТРУДНОСТИ

1. Сделайте синтаксический и грамматический анализ сле­дующих предложений и переведите их, обращая внимание на перевод различных функций инфинитива, герундия и причастия.

1. But just when they need time to work through their promising
changes and help from the United States in completing them the Euro­
pean allies risk running into political static in Washington because of U.S.
wishes to recast NATO in a role approximating a global policeman — a fu­
turistic vision of the alliance that European policymakers see as prema­
ture now, and perhaps forever.

2. The European Commission argues that «unfair tax competition»
among EU countries distorts the single market — by allowing low-tax
countries, or heavens, to attract capital from high-tax jurisdictions —
and indirectly contributes to Europe's high unemployment rates by shift­
ing taxation from capital to labour.

3. Europe seemed to find its footing in NATO's post Cold-war pos­
ture, finally making a promising start on European military cooperation
demonstrating a new readiness to use force and pulling down barriers to con­
solidating its national defence companies into Europe - wide industries.

4. «Truths!» Charles de Gaulle is supposed to have shouted. «Did
you think I could have created a [Free French] government against the
English and the Americans with truths? You make History with ambition,
not with truths».

5. Taken with the smooth closure this year of alliance enlargement to
include new members from Central Europe, there seems to be much to
celebrate next year when Washington hosts ceremonies marking the anni­
versary of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

6. If the Parliament insists on pushing through a policy forged in the
heat of an election campaign rather than out of the calm consideration and
consultation that the Parliament's committee structure is supposed to en­
courage, ministers in London will have to accept the anomaly or follow suit.

7. Attempts to strengthen common foreign and security policy, the EU's
«second pillar», by importing majority voting or incorporating the Western
European Union, Europe's defence club, into the EU, look like failing.

The biggest changes are likely to come in the «third pillar»: justice and home affairs.

8. Considered on the fringes of legality because of its liberal views,
the Freedom Movement (of Iran) has been allowed to field four candi­
dates for the 15 municipal council seats in Tehran.

9. Built-in encryption also could make it easier to add access controls
to PC's and routinely scramble all stored data, making it harder to steal
computer resources or files.

10. The deal struck by European Union governments at their Berlin
summit leaves both their budget and their enlargement plans in a worse
state than before.

11. «The Brazilian government move highlights the difficulty of im­
plementing a deep belt-tightening in a country in which more than 40 percent
of the population live in poverty», — said an analyst in New York.

12. In remarks focusing heavily on his so-called new Labour govern­
ment policy — which seeks to marry social justice and workers' rights
with a pro-business market-oriented economic policy — Mr. Blair
heaped praise on South Africa.

13. Thousands of people rampaged Friday through the town, hurling
stones at police stations and looting shops. Police fired plastic bullets at
the mobs, killing at least one person and wounding nine.

14. «Boston college has wronged me and my students by caving into
right-wing pressure and depriving me of my right to teach freely and de­
priving them of the opportunity to study with me,» said Mary Daly, 70,
an associate professor of the college in a telephone interview.

15. No sooner had the European Commission resigned than the Prime
Minister popped up in the House of Commons to tell MPs that this was
no setback but a golden opportunity to push through «root and branch»
reform of a Commission whose failings had been tolerated for far too
long. Stretching a point, he boasted that it was his lot that had brought the
Commission down.

16. The vice-president began by allaying fears that he would burden
business with a green and heavy hand: government has its place as long
as government knows its place, he said, adding that slump in the devel­
oping world makes growth a top priority for governments.

17. Until then [1918] the infant Labour party had been the junior of
the Liberals, helping them to win their landslide victory of 1906 and to
enact a sweeping programme of social, and constitutional reform in great
part inspired and led by Lloyd George.

18. These universities (Oxford and Cambridge) were rural rather than
urban, and therefore residential, they took a collegiate form. Their func­
tion was not only to train the young for the professions, but to preserve
the heritage of the past and transmit it to succeeding generations and to
prepare them morally as well as intellectually for the larger duties of gov­
ernment and society.

19. Boeing executives suspect commission officials of passing on in­
side information about airline contracts to airbus officials in Toulouse.
For that reason the Seattle company has been rather vague in some of its
answers to the commission's requests for information, while formally co­
operating with its inquiry.

The commission is making a habit of interfering with firms from out­side the EU when it thinks that competition is likely to be lessened.

20. Germany has complained strongly to Washington about restric­
tions facing foreign companies seeking to enter the US telecommunica­
tions market. Germany's finance minister expressed concern at the dis­
cretionary powers of the Federal Communications Commission to restrict
access which, he said, could result in foreign companies being denied access
to the US market «for general foreign policy or trade policy reasons.»

21. A college education is often a collection of courses without any
connecting fiber. Yet decision-making is a function of being able to inte­
grate what seems like unrelated variables, and understanding the balance
between analytical and intuitive skills. Without knowing these variables,
it is impossible to determine what information is needed, know how and
where to get the information and select the information that is pertinent.

22. In facing up to the dangers, and living up to the importance of his
task, President Kim [of South Korea] has made a good start. But to un­
derstand that start, and to get the measure of what is required of him in
future, it is vital to ditch the idea that he is a «left-winger» who is be­
coming, or has to become, a convert to free-market ideas once anathema
to him. That is so partly because such labels are everywhere much less
helpful than they were, but partly, also because in South Korea's circum­
stances (and Mr. Kim's) they are especially misleading.

2. Сделайте синтаксический и грамматический анализ сле­дующих предложений и переведите их, обращая внимание на страдательный залог, сослагательное наклонение и модальные глаголы.

1. The place that scores highest in the coming superpower test is, be­yond much doubt, China. China's economy may not keep up its dizzy growth of the past 15 years, but even something more modest — an en-

tirely possible 5-6% a year, say — would be enough to create a serious amount of power-projection over the next quarter of a century. That means a Chinese navy which can reach out into the Pacific; an army and air force capable of quickly putting an expeditionary force on to a foreign battlefield; and an expansion of China's existing long-range nuclear ar­moury. China may or may not be able within this period to match the electronics of America's military command-and-control system but, even without that it will be a formidable power.

2. Most cases that come to the European Court of Justice are about en­
forcing single-market rules. A famous example was the 1979 ruling
which said that a product approved for sale in one country must be ac­
cepted by others. This paved the way for mutual recognition of standards
to become a cornerstone of the single market.

3. The future of EMU* is shrouded in political uncertainty. The right
kind of EMU would leave governments maximum sway in other aspects
of policy. There is no reason in logic why a single currency should oblige
governments to «harmonise» their tax or labour-market policies, for in­
stance, and one good reason of political economy why any such thing
should be opposed — namely, that harmonization enlarges the power of
the state at the expense of individual freedom, whereas competition
among governments (the alternative to harmonization) does the opposite.
Yet many of Europe's politicians seek harmonization as an end in itself,
others would accept more of it as the price for more effective action to
reduce unemployment, promote competitiveness or what you have.

4. Reviewing earlier research and drawing on new work for this book,
Messrs Dollar and Pritchett establish, first, that the raw correlation be­
tween aid and growth is near zero: more aid does not mean more growth.
Perhaps other factors mask an underlying link, they concede; perhaps aid is
deliberately given to countries growing very slowly (creating a misleading
negative correlation between aid and growth, and biasing the numbers).

5. More of the new rich may discover philanthropy and good manners,
just as the Astors did before them. But there is one difference. Much of
the new pain, like much of the new wealth, is being created not by the
rich but by globalisation. Already several politicians seem to be taking
aim at the «winner-takes-all society». It is not hard to imagine talk of
supertaxes or higher trade barriers to stop the injustice. But that might
turn out to be like trying to ram an iceberg.

6. The back-to basics advocates will be surprised to learn that Japa­
nese teachers are nothing like as authoritarian as they have assumed, and

EMU — European Monetary Union

there is more learning-by-experiment and less by rote than is often claimed.

7. Sweden, even this Mecca of equality can't reconcile the female di­
lemma of balancing family and career.

A whole new employment crisis could be closing in on the European Union. The population is shrinking, in some countries drastically, and that means fewer taxpayers to keep the social safety net hanging together.

8. The Americans are irritated by what they consider to be tax havens,
some just off their coast (the Caribbean territories), perfectly placed to
launder the earning of Latin American drug barons. (Drugs are thought to
be the primary source of dirty money).

9. The British, and other big countries trying to crack down on money
laundering, fear that it may prove impossible. After all, as the report
noted last month, no sooner has one loophole been closed than another
opens. Illicit cash can be laundered through a whole variety of frauds us­
ing property, construction, insurance, stockbroking, foreign exchange,
gold or jewellery.

10. Mr. McCarthy, the Cayman's finance secretary, recently accused
G7 countries of «trying to impose their political will on the less strong».
Such noble concerns for human rights and for the weak might resonate
more widely were it not that some offshore centres still enforce repressive
social legislation, while thriving, in part, on the proceeds of crime.

11. The banks cannot blame all their woes on outside events. There
are 25 new commercial banks that eagerly sought licences when the rules
were liberalised. Many lent inadvisedly, often to their business affiliates.
Much of the money went into property. Other loans went straight into the
stockmarket. As it slumped so more loans went into default.

12. Spare a thought for Indonesia's bank doctors. Most of their pa­
tients became fatally ill last year, but in the interest of dignity they have to
announce the deaths in instalments.

The announcement was greeted warmly by the World Bank and the IMF, which had scolded the government for delaying it.

13. Joseph Warren was a hero of the magnitude of Washington, Jef­
ferson, or Lincoln. A medical doctor, he was a leader of the Sons of Lib­
erty, a friend of Sam and John Adams, and he organized against tyranny
and oppression. He conjured a sense of what a virtuous American people
could do to rescue humanity from degradation at the hands of brutes and
bullies.

14. China's improved infrastructure, increased know-how and better
direct trade connections to the world mean that Hong Kong's ability to
command the situation has been diminished,

15. Mr. Blair needs no reminding that the throw-the-rascals-out mood
that gave the government its landslide had much to do with Mr. Major's
broken promises of lower taxes. If Mr. Blair breaks his, he cannot expect
to be forgiven.

16. More and more Swedish women work part-time and the majority
are clustered in the public sector, in lower-paying occupations like
teaching and nursing.

17. Just as the Scots throughout the 1980s lamented being governed
by English politicians they had not elected, so the English — in time —
may resent the Scottish say over their affairs.

18. The US President plans to call for a new round of global trade ne­
gotiations during his State of the Union address today. The talks would
target industrial tariffs, agriculture, services, intellectual property, labour
rights and environmental protection.

19. The president was to be wined, dined and entertained, but he was
also expected to be confronted with demonstrations and protests. A dem­
onstration was planned by environmental groups to protest the alleged re­
neging by the United States on promises to limit fallout of acid rain on
Canada.

20. The House of Representatives will begin deliberations Tuesday on
a bill to increase transportation aid to cities.

The nation's handicapped are demanding the bill include regulations requiring cities with mass transit systems to improve facilities for handi­capped and disabled people.

A bill on mass transit passed the Senate in June, and supporters are pushing for passage in the lame duck House session. They anticipate a tougher battle should the bill have to face next year's more conservative Congress.

21. What the Prime Minister has to do is to convince a basically con­
servative government and business establishment at home that changes
must be made for Japan to continue as either an economic or political
power. At the same time he must move away from the old, tired promises
of his predecessors and convince the international community that his na­
tion has at last recognized the need and has the will to take a more
meaningful role in the international arena (with all that it implies). Given
the pressure both at home and abroad the going is bound to be rough but
present premier just could be the one to pull it off. His seemingly passive
form of government may well in the end be recognized as the most active
of the postwar era.

22. For the teachers the inspectors have only praise. Their attitude «is
of professional commitment and resourcefulness».

But, the report adds: «There is evidence that teachers' morale has been adversely affected in many schools.

«Its weakening, if it became widespread, would pose a major problem in the effort to maintain present standards, let alone improve them.»

The National Union of Teachers backed up this judgment, the report showed that those who had accused the NUT of alarmism were wrong, the union said.

23. Behind this action lies an admission of, and a determination to
solve, the real problem of every weatherman — that meteorologists actu­
ally know frighteningly little about the weather. «If a scientist in any
other field made predictions based on so little basic information,» the
head of the United States Weather Bureau's international unit remarked
recently, «he'd be flatly out of his mind.» And if chemistry were now at
the same stage as meteorology, a colleague added, the world would just be
beginning to worry about the horrifying effect of gunpowder in warfare.

24. Both countries have an interest in avoiding such an extention of
the area of conflict because of the threatening consequences, were the lo­
calization to fail.

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