Collection of LEARNERS INDIVIDUAL WORK (LIW)

And Office HOURS

MAtERIALS

Hand out №1

Make up a topic “What type of person are you?” and retell it.

Learn by heart the poem №1 “ What is the name you called me?”

What is the name you called me?--

And why did you go so soon?

The crows lift their caws on the wind,

And the wind changed and was lonely.

The warblers cry thier sleepy-songs

Across the valley gloaming,

Across the cattle-horns of early stars.

Feathers and people in the crotch of a treetop

Throw an evening waterfall of sleepy-songs.

What is the name you called me?--

And why did you go so soon?

Hand out №2

Read and translate the text №1 “A typical Work Environment”.

A few years ago, a 35-year-old businessman was pulled over by European police for reckless driving on Germany's infamous Autobahn highway.

It was then that the surprised officer found the driver's actual set-up—a full office on the passenger seat, complete with a laptop, printer, a voltage converter, two cell phones, a navigation device, and a GPS receiver attached to the window. Clever, right?

Perhaps not. This entrepreneurial driver actually ended up with a ticket worth €1 52 for speeding, along with a citation for 'driving with improperly secured cargo'. In other parts of the world, he would have also broken several distracted driving laws, resulting in hefty fines.

This bizarre mobile office story may sound extreme, but with the effects of today's technology, a typical working environment is anything but typical.

'Employees, and in fact employers, create new work rules to meet the needs of a continuously evolving digital age,' says Betty Morris, Educational Director for an online global communications corporation. Her company employs 23 full-time staff, though it is unlikely you would see them all in the office at once. 'Working nine to five is no longer the norm.'

With the arrival of smartphones, hand – held computers and

tablets, e-readers coupled with increased availability to reliable wireless networks in even the most remote geographical zones, employees can now access emails and work files through innovative cloud-based storage repositories. As Morris explains, it is like having a mobile office at your fingertips-regardless of location.

'As long as you have your smartphone or tablet, you always have access to your work files. Which means, employees are now accessible 24 hours a day,' Morris says. 'This has affected employers' expectations in that they often assume their staff will always be on call. Sometimes I have to remind myself that even though I can communicate with my team all the time, they also have lives.'

Write a job offer letter using a sample.

Hand out №3

Make up a topic “ How to dress for an interview?” and retell it.

Read and translate the text №2 “Haires cause airport chaos”.

A plague of hares has been causing such chaos at Milan’s city airport that authorities have decided to take drastic measures to try and catch them. Linate airport will close for three hours on Sunday while 200 wildlife experts go out on the runways to capture about 80 hares.

Hares have been invading the runways for months, confusing the ground radar, and endangering aircraft landing and taking off, say officials. “In the last two weeks hares have ended up beneath the weels of two tourist charter planes,’ said Alberto Grancini, the Milan province official in charge of hunting and wildlife. ‘They could have caused serious accidents.”

The Milan airports authority said that the hare population at Linate had inexplicably increased this year leading to several attempts to drive them away from the airport. Unfortunately the hares have refused to leave, so the decision has been made to close the airport altogether to try to capture them.

The operation begins on Saturday, when an area of 4 square kilometres will be fenced off including the runways, hangars, and aircraft parking areas. The hare hunters will move in at dawn on Saturday, chasing hares until 8.00 a.m. when Linate will reopen. Twelve flights will have to be rescheduled for later in the day. The hares will be taken to protected nature reserves in the Milan area and will be released, in the hope that they do not find their way back to the airport.

Hand out №4

Learn by heart the poem №3 “ Everyone Sang” by Siegfried Sassoon (1886-1967).

Everyone suddenly burst out singing;

And I was filled with such delight

As prisoned birds must find in freedom,

Winging wildly across the white

Orchards and dark-green fields;

on - on - and out of sight.

Everyone's voice was suddenly lifted;

And beauty came like the setting sun:

My heart was shaken with tears;

and horror Drifted away...

O, but Everyone Was a bird;

and the song was wordless;

the singing will never be done.

Make a presentation on the theme “ The trip of my life”.

Hand out №5

Read and translate the text №3 “ A world without time or number”.

The Piraha are an isolated Amazonian tribe of hunter-gatherers who live deep in the Brazilian rainforest. The tribe has survived, their culture intact, for centuries, although there are now only around 200 left. The Piraha, who communicate mainly through hums and whistles, have fascinated ethnologists for years, mainly because they have almost no words for numbers. They use only three words to count:one, two, and many.

We know about the Piraha thanks to an ex-hippy and former missionary, Dan Everett, now a Professor of Phonetics, who spent seven years with the tribe in the 70s and 80s. Everett discovered a world without numbers, without time, without words for colours, without subordinate clauses and without a past tense. Their language, he found, was not just simple grammatically; it was restricted in its range of sounds and differed between the sexes. For the men, it has just eight consonants and three vowels; for the women, who have the smallest number of speech sounds in the world, to seven consonants and three vowels. To the untutored ear, the language sounds more like humming than speech. The Piraha can also whistle their language, which is how men communicate when hunting.

Their culture is similarly constrained. The Piraha can’t write, have little collective memory, and no concept of decorative art. In 1980 Everett tried to teach them to count: he explained basic arithmetic to an enthusiastic group keen to learn the skills needed to trade with other tribes.After eight months, not one could count to ten; even one plus one was beyond them. The experiment seemed to confirm Everett’s theory:the tribe just couldn’t conceive the concept of number.

Make up a topic “ Do you think water will become cleaner or more polluted in your area in the future?” and retell it.

Hand out №6

Prepare a report “ The future of our planet: global warming”.

Write a business recommendation using sample.

Hand out №7

Make up a topic “Famous architectural building in the world” and retell it.

Make a presentation “Kazakh customs and traditions”.

Hand out №8

Read and translate the text №4 “Ecotourism”.

Imagine the scene. You are sitting in the hot sunshine beside the swimming pool of your international luxury hotel, drinking your imported gin and tonic. In front of you is the beach, reserved for hotel guests with motor boats for hire. Behind you is an 18-hole golf course, which was cleared from the native forest and is kept green by hundreds of water sprinklers. Around the hotel are familiar international restaurant chains and the same shops that you have at home. You have seen some local people - some of them sell local handicrafts outside the hotel. You bought a small wooden statue and after arguing for half an hour you only paid a quarter of what the man was asking. Really cheap!

Nowadays, many of us try to live in a way that will damage the environment as little as possible. We recycle our newspapers and bottles, we take public transport to get to work, we try to buy locally produced fruit and vegetables and we stopped using aerosol sprays years ago. We want to take these attitudes on holiday with us. This is why alternative forms of tourism are becoming more popular all over the world.

Prepare the presentation “Seven wonders of the world”.

Hand out №9

Make up a topic “Historical cities in Kazakhstan” and retell it.

Prepare a report “Great cities in the world”.

Hand out №10

Make a presentationon theme “My dream house”.

Learn by heart the poem №5 “Where the Sidewalk Ends” by Shel Silverstein.

There is a place where the sidewalk ends

And before the street begins,

And there the grass grows soft and white,

And there the sun burns crimson bright,

And there the moon-bird rests from his flight

To cool in the peppermint wind.

Let us leave this place where the smoke blows black

And the dark street winds and bends.

Past the pits where the asphalt flowers grow

We shall walk with a walk that is measured and slow,

And watch where the chalk-white arrows go

To the place where the sidewalk ends.

Hand out №11

Make up a topic “The role of mass media in my life” and retell it.

Write a condolence letter using a model.

Hand out №12

Prepare a report “ Using Internet in studies”.

Read the text №5 “ Ancient Wonders of the world I”.

The Great Pyramid is only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World that still stands.

It was built at the order of the Paraoh Cheops, who once ruled Egypt. More than 100,000 slaves labored for twenty years to build it. They had no machines, not even carts-all the work was done by human strength alone. Yet each huge block was so well laid that the Pyramid has stood for 5,000 years.

Near the Great Pyramid in Egypt stands a huge sculptured rock called the Sphynx. The face is that of a man, perhaps the Paraoh Kharfe who had it built almost 5,000 years ago. But the body is that of a lion, and between its great stone paws is a small temple. Since no one knows exactly why is the Sphynx was built, it remains a symbol of mystery- a riddle.

In Babylon, one of the great cities of the Ancient World, there was a famous garden which amazed visitors for hundreds years. It was called the Hanging Gardens, because it was built along arches and towers and looked like a wall of flowers and green shrubs. The garden was kept alive by a hidden pool on the highest terrace, from which the water was drawn to appear in a series of fountains. The gardens were built by the King Nebuchodnozzor, who mentioned in the Bible as a cruel conqueror of Jerusalem.

Hand out №13

Make up a topic “ Problems, which you had when you were a teenager” and retell it.

Learn by heart a poem №7 “I Dream a world” by Hughes Langston.

I dream a world where man

No other man will scorn,

Where love will bless the earth

And peace its paths adorn

I dream a world where all

Will know sweet freedom's way,

Where greed no longer saps the soul

Nor avarice blights our day.

A world I dream where black or white,

Whatever race you be,

Will share the bounties of the earth

And every man is free,

Where wretchedness will hang its head

And joy, like a pearl,

Attends the needs of all mankind-

Of such I dream, my world!

Hand out №14

Make a presentation “Great inventions of the 21st century”.

Read and translate the text №6 “Ancient Wonders of the world II”.

The Temple of Artemis is one of the most famous temples of the ancient world. It stood for 600 years in Ephesus, a great city of Syria. The temple was sacred to Artemis, also called Diana, goodness of the moon. The finest sculptors and painters of Greece decorated this beautiful building, which was destroyed by the barbaric Goths. Only a few pieces of statues columns remained. Modern scientists dug them up.

Few remember the tiny kingdom of Caria, which once flourished in what is now southwestern Turkey. But the name of its king, Mausolus, is known of the world “mausoleum”- a massive tomb. The original Artemisia, was so magnificent that it was one of the Wonders of the Ancient World.

The greatest god of the ancient Greeks was Zeus, for whom the Roman name was called Jupiter. The greatest statue of Zeus was at Olympia, where the famous Olympic Games were held in its honor. The statue was 40 feet high-about seven times a man’s height-and was made of marble, decorated with pure gold and ivory. After 1,000 years, an earthquake tumbled it down.

Rhodes, an island near Greece, was so magnificent that it was one of the Wonders of the Ancient World. Standing across the entrance to its big harbour, was a huge statue of the sun god Helios, famous as the Colossus of Rhodes. Although ships sailed beneath these of Liberty.

Hand out №15

Make up a topic “ What do you think about opening your own business in our country?” and retell it.

Learn by heart the poem №8 “Daydreamer”.

I am on the passenger side,

Daydreaming to the sky

The day's bright and full of life.. then

In a mile, I caught your sight

My heart starts beating triple times

The thing that I don't know why

And the bus stopped for a while

Not long you're in the seat behind

The music starts playing love songs

I get notion to have conversation

I love your eyes put in my direction,

I find my heart set in motion

We talk and talk while the road seems stretched,

The time runs slow till I reached my place

All was fantasy, I never noticed,

You wake me up, all eyes on my face.

Hand out №16

Prepare a report “ Advertisement a product or service of your firm/company”.

Read and translate text №7 “Burglar caught by clever cartoonist”.

William Ellis Green, aged 82, was making his breakfast when he heard somebody in his garden. “I went out of the back door and suddenly I saw this bloke running towards me. He pushed me out of the way and took my bicycle from the garden shed”. Mr Green did not resist, as he knew he would come off second best in a fight with the intruder. The burglar tried to cycle away, but the tyres on the bike were flat so it was difficult to ride. “He kept falling off the bicycle’, said Mr Green, “at least three or four times.’ After the man had fled, Mr Green called the local police.

When they arrived, officers asked him to describe the man, but instead he offered to draw them a picture. ‘When Mr Green started drawing,’ said one of the police officers, “I knew straight away who the burglar was.’ In fact, Mr Green had worked for more than 20 years in daily newspapers doing caricatures of Australian footballers. “I had no difficulty in remembering the man’s face because he was so close to me,’ he said.

Police cruised the neighbourhood in a patrol car with the sketch in search of the alleged burglar and they found him within half an hour. ‘The cartoon was a perfect likeness of the burglar,’ said another police officer.

Police believe that this is the first time they have ever caught a suspect with a cartoon sketch.

Hand out №17

Make up a topic “Advantages and disadvantages of being bilingual, trilingual, understanding foreign words without dictionary” and retell it.

Learn by heart the poem №9 “ Piano” by D.H. Lawrence.

Softly, in the dusk, a woman is singing to me;

Taking me back down the vista of years, till I see

A child sitting under the piano, in the boom of the tingling strings

And pressing the small, poised feet of a mother who smiles as she sings

In spite of myself, the insidious mastery of song

Betrays me back, till the heart of me weeps to belong

To the old Sunday evenings at home, with winter outside

And hymns in the cosy parlour, the tinkling piano our guide.

So now it is vain for the singer to burst into clamour

With the great black piano appassionato. The glamour

Of childish days is upon me, my manhood is cast

Down in the flood of remembrance, I weep like a child for the past.

Hand out №18

Read and translate the text №8 “Passwords reveal your personality”.

The word or phrase that you use to open your email account may provide a key to your personality as well as to your correspondence, according to a British psychologist. Helen Petrie, professor of human\computer interaction at City University in London, analysed the responses of 1200 Britons who participated in a survey funded by CentralNic, an Internet domain-name company. The results were recently published on CentralNic’s website.

Petrie identifies three main password ‘genres’. ‘Family oriented’ respondents numbered nearly half of those surveyed. These people use their own name or nickname, the name of a child, partner, or pet, or a birth date as their password. They tend to be occasional computer users and have strong family ties. ‘they choose passwords that symbolize people or events with emotional value,’ says Petrie. One third of respondents were ‘fans’, using the names of athletes, singers, movie stars, fictional characters, or sports teams. Petrie says fans are young and want to ally themselves with the lifestyle represented by a celebrity. Two of the most popular names were Madonna and Homer Simpson. The third main group of participants are ‘cryptics’ because they pick unintelligible passwords or a random string of letters, numerals, and symbols such as ‘Jxa+157’. Petrie says cryptics are the most security-conscious group. They tend to make the safest but least interesting choices.

Make a presentation on the given topic “Famous architects and engineers of Kazakhstan”.

Hand out №19

Make up a topic “How can transplants help humans?” and retell it.

Read and translate the text №9 “The divorced mum”.

ANGIE CROSS, 27, has four children, aged from 5 to 10. She lives in Frinton-on-Sea in Essex. She gets £585 a month state benefit and also works as a part-time barmaid for £21 a week.

'Money's been tight since I split up from my husband four years ago. The kids always come first, but special occasions for them are rare. They're lucky if we go to McDonald's once a month. All their school uniforms are second-hand. When I was a kid I used to get lots of treats. I'd go riding and I used to have piano lessons. I feel dreadful not being able to give my kids the things I had. Every month I work out exactly what has to be paid and what can wait. I have to be very careful with money, and that doesn't come easily because by nature I'm very extravagant. My biggest extravagance now is a packet of ten cigarettes.

My monthly food bill comes to about £350, and towards the end of the month we have beans on toast three nights out of seven. I usually make the kids a packed lunch for school, but occasionally I don't have enough food to make one, so I tell the kids to have a school dinner and say they've forgotten their dinner money. It's not really telling lies because I'll always pay as soon as I can.

I get very depressed and I frequently sit down and cry. Sometimes I'll go wild and buy something just to cheer myself up, but I always regret it. I once spent £30 on some clothes but I felt really guilty. What I want more than anything else is a holiday and new shoes for the kids. Who knows? I might win the lottery!'

Hand out №20

Read and translate the text №10 “Soho”.

One of my favourite parts of London is Soho, which is right in the centre, and includes Piccadilly Circus, Shaftesbury Avenue, and Leicester Square. One of the main reasons I like it is that it is always lively and colourful, with people dashing around going about their business, which is mainly honest but not always.The place is a bit of a mess, and the buildings aren't the most beautiful in London, but the streets are always interesting, with surprises around every corner. The name is derived from a hunting call, 'So-ho', that huntsmen were heard to cry as they chased deer in royal parklands. It has been a cosmopolitan area since the first immigrants, who were French Huguenots, arrived in the 1680s. More French arrived escaping the revolution during the late 18th century, followed by Germans, Russians, Poles, Greeks, and Italians. Soho is packed with continental food shops and restaurants. More recently there have been a lot of Chinese from Hong Kong. Gerrard Street, which is pedestrianized, is the centre of London's Chinatown. It has restaurants, dim sum houses, Chinese supermarkets, and in February, there are the New Year celebrations. Many famous people have lived in Soho, including Mozart, Karl Marx, and the poet T. S. Eliot.

It has a reputation for attracting artists, writers, poets, and people in the media. Shaftesbury Avenue is in the heart of London's theatre land, and there are endless clubs, pubs, and cafes. There are also street markets, advertising agencies, clothes shops, music publishers, and recording studios, which makes it an exciting place to live and work. Piccadilly Circus is like a magnet for young people from all over the world. They like to sit on the steps under the statue of Eros, celebrating the freedom and friendship of youth. It is said that if you wait long enough at Piccadilly Circus, you'll meet everyone you've ever known!

Make a presentation on the theme “Kazakh musical instrument” or “Music celebrity”.

Hand out №21

Make up a topic “The best movies in my country” and retell it.

Learn by heart the poem №10 “She is Far from the Land” by Thomas Moore.

She is far from the land, where her young hero sleeps,

And lovers are round her, sighing;

But coldly she turns from their gaze, and weeps,

For her heart in his grave is lying!

She sings the wild song of her dear native plains,

Every note which he lov'd awaking

Ah! little they think, who delight in her strains,

How the heart of the Minstrel is breaking!

He had lov'd for his love, for his country he died,

They were all that to life had entwin'd him,

Nor soon shall the tears of his country be dried,

Nor long will his love stay behind him.

Oh! make her a grave, where the sun-beams rest,

When they promise a glorious morrow;

They'll shine o'er her sleep, like a smile from the West,

From her own lov'd Island of sorrow!

Hand out №22

Make a presentation “Your favorite celebrity”.

Read and translate the text №11 “ Sightseeing Tours”.

Tonight we explore the crooked alleyways and ancient buildings of the city. Come with us and discover the streets haunted by the infamous Jack the Ripper. With a superb guide and a coach driver who knows every winding alley explore those parts denied to most tourists. Walk down a medieval street to follow the route of the Death Cart and hear the cry, 'Bring out your dead' echo once more through the lanes of the old city. Visit a plague pit where 50 000 victims of the Black Death lie in their awful tomb. Listen to excerpts from 10 Shakespeare's plays and Dickens' novels set in the very places, which we visit. Follow the Jack the Ripper murder trail and learn the true identity of the Ripper.

Leaving Central London we go direct on the motorway to Windsor. We visit Runnymede Meadows, where in 1215 King John signed the Magna Carta, which gave the people of England the right of trial before punishment. We cross over the Long Walk with magnificent views of the Castle and are soon at Windsor Castle. We see the Guard before visiting the State Apartments and St George's Chapel. Windsor Castle has been a royal residence since the eleventh century when William the Conqueror built the fortifications on the site. During your visit many treasures will be seen. If the Queen is in residence, we will visit Queen Mary's Dolls House instead. After the visit there will be time for shopping before rejoining the coach.

Hand out №23

Make up a topic “The role of the books among the youth”.

Write a congratulation on Christmas, p.179

Hand out №24

Learn by heart the poem “A Night Thought” by William Wordsworth

Lo! where the Moon along the sky

Sails with her happy destiny;

Oft is she hid from mortal eye

Or dimly seen,

But when the clouds asunder fly

How bright her mien!

Far different we--a froward race,

Thousands though rich in Fortune's grace

With cherished sullenness of pace

Their way pursue,

Ingrates who wear a smileless face

The whole year through.

If kindred humours e'er would make

My spirit droop for drooping's sake,

From Fancy following in thy wake,

Bright ship of heaven!

A counter impulse let me take

And be forgiven.

William Wordsworth

Read and translate the text №12 “Extended Family”.

For most kids today, the concept of extended family goes beyond the traditional definition of blood relations, says a local historian. And, the modern- day prevalence of social media could be partially to blame.

James K. Goodall, a researcher with the Family Historic Society, reported in a recent article that, in the past, your immediate family generally consisted of Mum, Dad, and likely, a number of siblings. Your extended family then branched out to include your grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins, all bound by blood or marriage.

Friends, even the very closest friends, didn't quite earn a spot on the family tree.

'Today's generation of youth tends to think of family a little differently,' Goodall says. 'Just take a look at your child's Facebook profile and you'll get a good sense of what's going on. Best friends. Boyfriends. Those are the people who are listed in the family sidebar. Some of these kids suddenly have a dozen sisters, even if in reality they're an only child. It's not only fascinating, it's enlightening and provides a picture of how youth think about the 'family' structure today.

Although the social media links aren't sealed by traditional family blood, Goodall believes loyalty between friends is just as fierce, and possibly even more so. In an informal study amongst lower secondary students by the PEW Research Centre, 90% of the youth between the ages of 12 and 16 said they would spend more time with friends than they would with Mum, Dad, or even an older sibling.

'Kids can get extremely upset and stressed when they're not allowed to see their friends,' says Goodall. 'Years ago, that used to mean house arrest, or at least not being allowed to go out. Today, parents also have to consider Internet grounding, which can sometimes be even more traumatic for a teenager.'

Hand out №25

Make up a topic “Kazakhstan’s landmarks” and retell it.

Learn by heart the poem №13 “The Himalayas” by Tirupathi Chandrupatla.

Hand out №26

Prepare a report “Kazakhstan’s historical monuments”.

Hand out №27

Make up a topic “Hunters in the sky (burkutchi)” and retell it.

Read and translate the text №13 “Paintings”.

The cave paintings on the walls of caves in Spain and southern France are the earliest form of art we have. They
show a wide variety of animals, such as 5 bears, horses and deer. The pictures were painted in bright colours, which
were made of various minerals mixed with animal fat, egg whites, plant juices and even blood. They were almost certainly connected with hunting. In one famous example, in a cave in Lascaux in France, a man is shown among some animals and there are several dark dots in the painting. The meaning of the painting is not certain, but it shows that the cave dwellers had superb artistic skills.

More than 5 000 years ago, the Egyptians began painting the world around them on the walls of the Pharaohs' tombs. The Egyptians believed there was life after death, so they painted pictures of mythological stories and of daily life. People and animals were shown involved in daily activities, such as hunting, farming and eating.

The most artistic people of any age were, perhaps, the Greeks around 500 BC. Their aim in sculpture was the imitation of life, but life in its perfect or ideal form. We have many examples of Greek sculpture, which is charac­terized by the beauty of its forms and amazing knowledge of human anatomy. Most of the sculptures portray gods and goddesses from mythology. Most Greek wall paintings have not survived, but we have a few examples by the Minoans of Crete in the ancient royal palaces of Knossos and Santorini. These pictures are very realistic and lively. The most common subjects are sports, celebrations, dolphins and beautiful young people.

Hand out №28

Read and translate the text №14 “A Comic Genius”.

His early life was a time of great hardship. He was born in a very poor part of London, but his family were at first well off enough to afford a maid. However, while he was still a child, his family gradually lost everything. His father was a comedian and his mother worked as a dancer and singer. Neither 5 of them was very successful and the family had very little money. They were so poor that, at one time, he and his brothers had only one pair of shoes between them and they had to take turns wearing them. His father eventually deserted the family and later died of alcoholism. The strain caused by this desertion affected his mother deeply. Her career fell apart and in the end she became insane. When his mother had to go into an asylum, he was sent to an orphanage.

The first time he himself earned any money was by dancing and singing when he was only five years old. As a young boy he had many different jobs, but what he loved most of all was working in the theatre. As he said in his autobiography, he felt quite 'at home' on the stage, in more ways than one -the stage became an escape from the pain of his family life. When he was about fifteen, he joined a travelling theatre company and went on trips to America. On one such tour he was offered a part in a film, so he went to Hollywood, where eventually he became both an actor and a film director.

One of his most famous roles is the little tramp who tries but fails to be a gentleman, and so makes us laugh. His films are not always comic; they are often sad and some, like The Great Dictator, contain a strong political message. He is undoubtedly the most popular comedian of all time. He died in Switzerland in 1977 at the age of 88. There is now a statue of him in London, the city of his birth.

Make a presentation on the given topic “Nauryz is a holiday of peace and friendship”.

Hand out №29

Make up a topic “What is the right time to marry?” and retell it.

Write a congratulation on New Year.

Man-made fibres and raw materials

Old rolled gold and breakfast cereals

Platinum linoleum

I like that stuff

Skin on my hands

Hair on my head

Toenails on my feet

And linen on the bed

Well I like that stuff Yes I like that stuff

The earth

Is made of earth

And I like that stuff

Hand out №30

Make a presentation on theme “The First President`s day”.

Read and translate the text №15 “Home is where the school is”.

At 8 am, when other children have to catch trains or buses to school, 14-year-old Rhiannon Cassell walks into the family living room in Huntly Aberdeenshire, and checks on the day's assignments with her teacher - her father Matthew. Then Rhiannon, like her older sisters Tess, 16, and Abigail, 15, heads back to her own room, while their father works with the two youngest children, James, ten, and Alicia, eight, who need more individual attention. Rhiannon spends an hour and a half studying science (today's subject: static electricity), then switches to maths. If she is having difficulties, she seeks her father's help. 'He doesn't do the work for us, just helps us reason it out.' After lunch, Rhiannon is back at work for a practical follow-up on the morning's science lesson: an experiment with balloons and dust. She then reads her current literary classic Little Women until 2.30pm. Although, that's the official end of the school day, Rhiannon may carry on with a subject she enjoys or is having problems with.

Matthew Cassell, 37, has been supervising his children's education since he retired on health grounds 4 years ago. He is not anti-school or critical of teachers. 'It's just that I can give the children more time than they'd get in a large class.' Regular tests and careful record keeping ensure Matthew keeps a check on their progress. The Cassells are in good company. Once only possible for the wealthy, home schooling is increasingly popular among parents fed up with bullying, narrow curriculums, rigid timetables, or the lack of proper religious teaching. Matthew's daughter, Rhiannon, echoes another common reason for parents opting for home education: 'At school I always felt they were holding me back. Now I can learn at my own pace.'

BLOCK III

Kazakh customs and traditions

Kyz aittyru

Parents were always occupied with their son's marriage. They were searching for a future fiancee for him long before he attained his majority. A competent family of good, distinguished, and respected people was quested. If in a girl's kinfolk there were unhealthy relatives (the genetic inheritance), she was never sought in marriage. Parents made special visits to people worthy to their mind, in order to discuss their children's future, and to express their wish to become the matchmakers (relatives-in-law).

There are different kinds of 'kyz aittyru'. If children (a boy and a girl) are still babies, or even unborn yet, but the both parties agree to become the relatives-in-law in future, it means that these people know each other very well and are close family friends. Before babies are born (of course, if one of them is a boy, and another is a girl), the parents reach an accord to become the relatives-in-law ('atastyra'). The above-mentioned woo is called 'bel kuda' (before the birth of children), and if children are planned to be married since their birth — 'besik kuda' (besik means a cradle). Sometimes a person who arranged the marriage of his son and his matchmaker's daughter, agrees that his daughter should be married to his matchmaker's son, and in this case both matchmakers are called 'karsy kuda' (mutual matchmaker). People who continued their matchmaking (i.e. who became the matchmakers again) are called 'suyek zhangyrtu'. The grown-up children's marriage is completed after 'kuda tusu' (the matchmaking).

Relations between relatives Kazakhs observed generally until the seventh generation. Thus declares an old custom prohibiting the marriage between men and women of one and the same bloodline. According to the matrimonial rules, a woman must not be more than eight years older than a man, and a man must not be more than twenty five years older than a woman. No permission is given for an unequal marriage.

'Kyz aittyru' serves as a certain foundation for a new steady and exemplary family.

Saukele kigizu

'Saukele kigizu' {literally, saukele is a bride's head-dress, kigizu means to put on). Kazakh people have many traditions and customs. The tradition 'saukele kigizu' plays the important role in them. 'Saukele' is not only the most expensive head-dress in a bride's outfit, it also serves as a symbol of the beginning of a new life. It's a memento of the prior free and easy life of the girl and the beginning of new family life. Saukele kigizu is an especially solemn custom for the bride. The matchmakers (both men and women) are invited to attend this custom. They are strewn with 'shashu'. They give their bata (blessing). 'Baigazy' (gift or paying) for 'saukele' is sometimes pretty considerable. Wearing 'saukele', the bride looks especially gorgeous, magnificent, and inimitable. Everybody wants to see 'saukele' on the bride, and for this viewing some special 'korimdik' is given. The creating of a new family hearth, the bride with her "saukele' on, playing games, laughing — all this is an omen of new life.

Now, a few words about 'saukele'. It's not only a head-dress, but also a work of art. It is embroidered with rabies, pearls, corals, and other precious stones, emphasizing its richness. 'Saukele' is made of expensive velvet or velour, embroidered with fine beads and fringe, its ornaments are composed of various small golden and silver coins, and figure plates. The top of 'saukele' is unchangeably decorated with 'uki' (a fluffy bundle of an eagle-owl's feathers). Its brims are trimmed with furs of mink or fox. The beauty of such a thing captivates your eye and is not only the bride's outfit, but it also intensifies the matchmakers' authority.

The girl who wasn't wooed according to the custom will not be dressed in 'saukele'.

Synsu

Thus was called a traditional song, which the girl sang during 'kyz tanysu', when she visited her relatives' places with her zhenge. This song sings about happy years spent in home sweet home, which have unnoticeably gone bye, about her beloved parents, how she was cherished and adored, about her regret because the time to leave her home has come, and also a request to her relatives not to forget her, to visit Her from time to time. It's a beautiful and touching song. Unfortunately, nowadays this custom is being gradually forgotten.

Kyz uzatu

The girl's seeing-off. To give a daughter away for marriage is a big toi. This day all parents are both sad and glad. Glad because they have brought up such a beautiful, clever, and worthy daughter, for whom they will never be ashamed, and sad because it is really a pity to give away a girl, when she still seems to be a little child.

5 to 7 matchmakers (the odd number), or even more, come to take away the girl. There is bas kuda (the head matchmaker), kudalar (parents-in-law), and the bridegroom's friend (as his adviser and witness). In north and central regions of Kazakhstan only men may go to take the bride away. The matchmakers usually arrive in the evening. Since the moment of their arrival toi begins: games, songs, funs, traditional 'kade' (gifts and presents). The same night the girl's close relatives officially invite the matchmakers to visit their home.

According to the custom, the girl is sent away together with the matchmakers in the early morning, when the sun rises. The crack of dawn is a symbol of a new day and new life. Before her departure the girl bids her goodbye, singing a song ('koshtasu zhyry') to relatives, who are seeing her off. Young people sing 'zhar-zhar' and 'aushadiyar'. The matchmakers receive their traditional gift 'kuda attandyrar' (kuda means matchmaker, attandyrar means to see off).

Otau koteru

The creating of the new hearth. Kazakh people have the conception 'otau koteru', which means the marriage and creation of the new family. Traditionally, parents prepare a house both for their son and daughter. The girl's 'zhasau' (dowry) includes 'otau' (yurta). The new house should bring happiness to the newly-weds, so the parents beautifully decorated yurta and tried to make it cozy. Relatives and friends, mother's relatives (nagashy), and neighbors participated in this activity. Aul citizens take an active part in the interesting and obligatory custom 'otau koteru'. Shanyrak (yurta's dome) is lifted up with the pole (bakan), wrapped in white cloth. To lift up shanyrak is entrusted to a respected man). Respected women are the first to step into otau, they pour melted butter into the hearth, and the doorway and door-posts are also daubed with butter. The first dastarkhan (a table, literally a table-cloth) with the rich foods is laid. Those who enter otau, scatter shashu all around and express their best wishes to the young couple. Relatives and friends give 'korimdik', livestock, and expensive gifts for otau.

The young couple's otau is located to the right side of the father's hearth (yurta or house). The elder people do not set their foot into the newly-weds' home (yurta) without their permission. As for the youth and kids, they are always somewhere around this place. Neighbors and friends keep an eye on the young family and appraise the daughter's-in-law skills and ability to work about the house. Early in the morning she opens "tundik" (the part of koshma covering shanyrak) of not only her yurta "otau", but also "tundik" of her neighbors and her parents-in-law, by which she shows her, admiration and respectfulness towards them.

Kursak shashu

When the young daughter's-in-law pregnancy becomes obvious, the glad mother-in-law (ene) and sisters-in-law (the brothers' wives — abysyn) invite close relatives and neighbors and make the party with the rich food, during which the future mother is scattered with 'shashu'. Elderly women performed this ceremony. The heroes of the occasion and guests are usually strewn with candies and small coins, and good wishes are said to them. 'Shashu' personifies the pouring rain, which according to the custom must bring happiness. This custom is observed during other happy events like the birth of a child, matchmakers' visit, etc.

Torkindeu

'Torkindeu' — from the word 'torkin', the bride's relatives. Torkindeu is an inalienable right of a young wife to visit her relatives within the year after the wedding. A visit of a married daughter is called 'torkindeu'. Her relatives accept her as an honored guest, cook the feast food, give her presents. A visit of a son-in-law to his wife's family is 'kaiyndap. A visit of daughters' children — 'nagashyp barady'.

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