FUNCTIONAL STYLISTICS

Functional stylistics is a branch of lingua-stylistics that investigates functional styles, that is special sublanguages or varieties of the national language such as scientific, colloquial, business, publicist and so on.

However many types of stylistics may exist or spring into existence they will all consider the same source material for stylistic analysis-sounds, words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs and texts. That's why any kind of stylistic research will be based on the level-forming branches that include Stylistic lexicology and Stylistic Phonetics.

Functional Style is a system of interrelated language means serving a definite aim in communication. It is the coordination of the language means and stylistic devices which shapes the distinctive features of each style and not the language means or stylistic devices themselves.

Each style, however, can be recognized by one or more leading features which are especially conspicuous. For instance the use of special terminology is a lexical characteristics of the style of scientific prose, and one by which it can easily be recognized.

A style of language can be defined as a system of coordinated, interrelated and inter-coordinated language means intended to fulfill a specific function of communication and aiming at a defined effect. Style of language is a historical category.

The English literary system has evolved a number of styles easily distinguishable one from another. They are not homogeneous and fall into several variants of having some central point of resemblance or better to say they all are integrated by the invariant - i.e. the abstract ideal system.

They are:

1) Official(documents and papers);

2) Scientific (brochures, articles, other scientific publications);

3) Publicist (essay, public speech);

4) Newspaper style(mass media);

5) Belles-lettres style(genre of creative writing);

Each of mentioned here styles can be expressed in two forms: written and oral.

Stylistics is a side that examines the complex of stylistically marked elements of any language level.

1) scientific style is employed in professional communication to convey some information. It’s most conspicuous feature is the abundance of terms denoting objects, phenomena and processes characteristics of some particular field of science and technique. Also precision clarity logical cohesion.

2) Official style is the most conservative one. It uses syntactical constructions and archaic words. Emotiveness is banned out of this style.

3) Publicist style is famous for its explicit pragmatic function of persuasion directed at influencing the reader in accordance with the argumentation of the author.

4) Newspaper style - special graphical means are used to attract the reader’s attention.

5) Belles-lettres style - the richest register of communication besides its own language means, other styles can be used besides informative and persuasive functions, belles-lettres style has a unique task to impress the reader aesthetically.

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