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British Universities

There are more than 40 universities in Britain, of which 36 are in England, 8 in Scotland, 2 in Wales and 1 in Northern Ireland. The two oldest universities in England are Oxford and Cambridge. These date from the Middle Ages. Oxford is the oldest of these two universities, it is more philosophical, classical and theological. The history of Oxford began in 1249, that of Cambridge – in 1348. Among the English universities Oxford and Cambridge have a special eminence, and they are different from the others.

England had no other universities, apart from Oxford and Cambridge, until the nineteenth century. The universities which were founded between 1850 and 1930, including London University, are known as redbrick universities (they were called so because that was the favourable building material of the time). They are in London, Durham, Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, Sheffield, Bristol, Nottingham, etc. The University of London is the largest of them. The division between Oxford and Redbrick is sharp. The division is essentially a class one. Redbrick universities were built to provide a liberal education for the poorer boys and to give technological training. Oxford and Cambridge graduates scorned them.

The universities which were founded after the Second World War are called “the new universities”. They are in Staffordshire, Kent, Essex, Lancaster, Sussex, York. Some of them quickly became popular because of their modern approach to university courses.

All the British universities are private institutions. Every university is independent, autonomous and responsible only to its own governing council. Although they all receive financial support from the state, the Department of Education and Science has no control over their regulations, curriculum, examinations, appointment of staff, or the way they spend money. The number and type of faculties differ from university to university. Each university decides each year how many students it supposes to admit. The admission to universities is by examinations or selection (interviews). The students receive grants. They have to pay fees and living costs but every student may receive from the local authority of the place where he lives a personal grant which is enough to pay lodging and food – unless his parents are rich. Most students take jobs in the summer for about six weeks, but they do not normally do outside work during the academic session.

Students who pass examinations at the end of three or four years of study get Bachelor’s degree. The first postgraduate degree is normally that of Master conferred for a thesis based on at least one year’s full time work. Universities are centers of research and many postgraduates are engaged in research for higher degree, usually Doctorates.

The British government does not think to build more new universities. There is a tendency to expand the older ones. The most interesting innovation is Open University.

Education in Britain.

Л.В.Хведченя

 

3. Complete the following sentences:

 

1. The oldest Universities in Britain are … 2. … is more philosophical, classical, theological. 3. … are different from the others. 4. There is a sharp division between … 5. Redbrick universities were built to provide … 6. New universities became popular because …

 

4. Insert the right word:

 

There 47 universities in … The oldest universities are …. Oxford and Cambridge date from …. These two universities are different from all other …. …. Were built to give technological training. The division between Oxford and Redbrick is …. Oxford and Cambridge graduates … them. New universities became popular because of their modern approach to ….

_________________________________________________________________

1. British universities, 2. the Middle Ages, 3. Britain, 4. Oxford and Cambridge, 5. sharp, 6. scorned, 7. university courses, 8. Redbrick universities.

 

5. Correct the following statements:

 

1. There are two universities in Great Britain.

2. The two oldest universities in England are Oxford and Cambridge.

3. The history of Oxford began in 1249, that of Cambridge – in 1348.

4. The universities which were founded between 1850 and 1930, including London University, are known as new universities.

5. The division between Oxford and Redbrick is sharp and the division is essentially a class one.

6. New universities became popular because of their modern approach to university courses.

7. All the British universities are state institutions

8. Universities receive financial support from private institutions.

9. The government decides each year how many students universities must admit.

10. Students who pass examinations at the end of three or four years of study get Master’s degree.

11. Universities are centers of research and many postgraduates are engaged in research for higher degree, usually Doctorates.

12. The British government builds new universities every year.

 

 

6. Answer the questions:

 

1. How many universities are there in Great Britain? 2. What are the oldest British Universities? 3. When did the history of Oxford and Cambridge begin? 4. When were Redbrick universities founded? 5. What can you say about the division between Oxford and Redbrick? 6. Why did “the new universities” quickly become popular? 7. All British universities are private institutions, aren’t they? 8. Do all British universities receive financial support from the state? 9. What degree do students who pass the examinations at the end of three or four years of study get? 10. What is the first postgraduate degree? 11. Are universities centres of research? 12. Why doesn’t the British government think to build more new universities?

 

 

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