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КАТЕГОРИИ:

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ 4

Чтобы правильно выполнить задание 4, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:

1.Сложные формы инфинитива (Passive Infinitive, Perfect Infinitive). Обороты, равнозначные придаточным предложениям: объектный инфинитивный оборот, субъектный инфинитивный оборот.

2.Причастия (Participle I, II). Независимый причастный оборот.

3.Условные предложения.

Используйте образцы выполнения упражнений.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 1 (К УПР. I)

1.Millions of people are recorded to have taken part in elections. 2.We want the new car to be produced by February. 3.The device to be bought must be checked beforehand.

Зарегистрировано, что миллионы людей приняли участие в выборах. Мы хотим, чтобы новый автомобиль был выпущен к февралю. Прибор, который нужно купить, следует предварительно проверить.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 2 (К УПР. II)

1.Countries wishing to cooperate with us will always find the necessary understanding. 2.Having visited Moscow the participants of the conference went to Kiev. 3.New technological progress having been developed, new types of equipment have been installed in the shop.

Страны, желающие сотрудничать с нами, всегда найдут должное понимание. Посетив Москву, участники конференции поехали Киев. Когда были разработаны новые технологические процессы, в цехе было установлено новое оборудование.

ОБРАЗЕЦ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ 3 (К УПР. III)

1.If the installation is put into operation in time, the economic effect will be greater. 2.If the system had been perfected, we should have applied it for new calculations. 3.It would be impossible to build spaceships without using new materials and alloys.

Если установка будет пущена вовремя, экономический эффект возрастет. Если бы система была усовершенствована, мы бы применили её для новых расчетов. Было бы невозможно построить космические корабли без применения новых материалов и сплавов.

ВАРИАНТ 1

I.Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям (см. образец выполнения 1).

1. We know this singer to be the first to begin singing this romance.

2. For a long time, special paper impregnated with paraffin was considered to be the main non-conductor used for manufacturing small capacitors (конденсатор).

3. The metal to be poured into a mold for casting may contract or expand on solidifying.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов (см. образец выполнения 2).

1. Having done a number of calculations, our astronomers have shown that the basic mass of the galaxies is concentrated outside their visible part.

2. A simple laboratory experiment demonstrating this principle is shown in Fig.29.

3. Ordinary light entering a crystal of tourmaline, the phenomenon of “selective absorption” takes place.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод условных предложений (см. образец выполнения 3).

1. If the computer’s electronic memory had recorded all the operator’s commands, the picture of deviations from the required parameters would have been produced.

2. If biological experiments are continued, the problem of developing the technology for growing plants in space conditions will be solved.

3. It would be impossible to protect metal from corrosion without the films.

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 4-ый абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1-ый и 3-ий абзацы. Письменно ответьте на вопрос после текста.

The Internet

1. As we know there are many legends about the Internet capabilities. And these legends are thoroughly justified. This is a great achievement of the humankind. It has deeply changed all operations with information: storage, search, extraction, transfer and many others, we are not aware of yet. As a result of this information revolution new forms occurred in traditional fields of activity like mail, libraries, education. You will not surprise anybody anymore speaking about electronic mail, electronic library, or distant education via the Internet. Internet is a kind of information transport ranking with mail, phone, telegraph, television, and the radio. It combines all their capabilities and at the same time compliments them with its specific, unique features.

2. Internet principally changes social chronotipe that is space-temporal organization of the society.

3. There is the opinion that instantaneous information exchange “annihilates” the space, even leads to a paradox that the more expanded is the network, the more users it comprises and correspondingly the more physical space they occupy, the closer they become to each other, the less is the informational disconnection between them. This means that all the users are “information neighbours”, are “together” irrespectively of the physical distance. Journalists, teachers and students, businessmen and the others are able to communicate in a real-time mode without disturbing themselves with thoughts of the real space.

4. There is no doubt that the Internet has a lot of useful information, but among its disadvantages the main one is that there are no limits. For example, porno- art production is accessible as for adults so as for children. Parents do not know what kind of information their children will take from the Internet. So, the main thing about the Internet is to use it right.

Vocabulary

capabilities – способности, возможности

extraction – извлечение

space-temporal – пространственно-временное

instantaneous – мгновенный

to annihilate – уничтожать

Question

What are advantages and disadvantages of the Internet?

ВАРИАНТ 2

1. He intended me to go with him to India.

2. Samples of semiconductors with improved properties are reported to be obtained on a new installation.

3. Scientific discoveries to be practically applied in industry and agriculture are paid special attention to.

1. The atomic power plant starting to produce electricity in 1992 began industrial using of atomic energy.

2. Light and food industries have been modernized, much being done to expand the production of consumer goods.

3. An experiment demonstrating the existence of an ultraviolet and infrared spectrum must be performed.

1. If liquids expand upon freezing, an increase of pressure lowers the freezing point.

2. If the metal had been heated slowly, the first changes in its appearance would have occurred at a temperature of 1,000 K.

3. It would be impossible to determine the properties of these materials without intensive studies in our research.

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 7-ой абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 6 и 7-ой абзацы. Письменно ответьте на вопрос после текста.

Great inventions

1. First of all it should be mentioned that television was invented in 1920s and it is considered one of the most important. It changed leisure habits for countless millions and was pioneered by Scottish-born electrical engineer John Logie Baird.

2. It had been realized for some time that light could be converted into electrical impulses, making it possible to transmit such impulses over a distance and then reconvert them into light.

3. After television, the car is probably the most widely used and most useful of all inventions. German engineer Karl Benz produced the first petrol-driven car in 1885 and the British motor industry started in 1896. Henry Ford was the first to use assembly line production for his Model T car in 1908. Like them or hate them, cars have given people freedom of travel.

4. Leonardo da Vinci had described the camera obscura photographic principle as early as 1515. But it was not until 1835 that Frenchman Louis Daguerre produced camera photography. The system was gradually refined over the years, to the joy of happy snappers and the despair of those who had to wade through friends’ endless holiday pictures.

5. In 1876 Edinburgh-born scientist Alexander Graham Bell patented his invention of the telephone. The following year, the great American inventor Thomas Edison produced the first working telephone. With telephones soon becoming rapidly available, the days of letter writing become numbered.

6. Another life-transforming invention was the computer. British mathematician Charles Babbage designed a form of computer in the middle 1830s, but it was not until more than a century later the theory was put into practice. Now, a whole generation has grown up with calculators, and computer games, the Internet and e-mail have transformed communication and information.

7. And at last we should mention the invention of planes that helped shrink the world and brought distant lands within easy reach of ordinary people. The invention of the petrol engine made flight feasible and the American Wright brothers made the first flight in 1903.

Vocabulary

to convert – превращать

to transmit – передавать

to refine – улучшать

to snap – щелкать

despair – отчаяние

Question

What are the inventions of the 19^th century?

ВАРИАНТ 3

1. The Sun and the stars are proved to be able to produce great quantities of energy by means of certain nuclear reactions.

2. For the experiment we need several electrical devices to be connected in series.

3. Lasers are known to have found application in medicine.

1. Measurements of solar radiation reaching the Earth each day make it possible to calculate the surface temperature of the Sun.

2. Having built a new automobile plant, we increase the output of cars and buses.

3. Knowledge being the most valuable wealth of our times, the information theory became of great importance for the national economy.

1. If the gathered data had been presented in time, the results of the experiments would have been different.

2. If you had answered six questions in the competition, you would have won the first prize.

3. It would be impossible to carry on a careful study of the process without the new device.

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 7-ой абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 4 и 6-ой абзацы. Письменно ответьте на вопрос после текста.

Fax and telex

1. The word “fax” comes from the word “facsimile”. A fax machine will send a duplicate of the message, document, design or photo that is fed into it.

2. Faxing is a means of telecommunication that has developed very quickly over the past few years. There are various models of fax machine which connect to a telephone socket and which work on a system similar to the telephone system.

3. Charges are measured in telephone units and therefore vary according to the time of day and where the fax is being sent.

4. The advantages of the fax include instant reception of documents and documentary evidence of what has been transferred. A document can be relayed from one source to hundreds of other receivers, for example, if the head office of a chain store wants to circulate a memo or report to its branches.

5. Telegrams and cables can be sent at any time and from any post office. This means of communication is available for twenty hours a day, but between sending a message and its arrival there can be short delay. Telex is as direct as using the phone.

6. The telex is a machine like a typewriter but the difference is that it has a dial on its casting. You can send message by dialing the receiver’s number or by asking the operator at the exchange to connect you. An answer-back code will appear on the teleprinter indicating that the sender is through as soon as the operator has dialed the code. The message is typed and will appear on the receiver’s machine.

7. Besides the advantages of sending a cable, telex is available right in the office, you needn’t go to the post office. It offers a direct line with immediate reply.

Vocabulary

facsimile – факсимиле

socket – гнездо, паз

charge – цена

memo – памятная записка

branch – отделение, филиал

Question

What can a fax machine do?

ВАРИАНТ 4

1. The crew is reported to have carried out a great deal of scientific experiments.

2. We know the wave theory of light to be first proposed by the English physicist Robert Hook in 1665.

3. Nearly all refrigerators to be used at home are based upon the principle that the rapid evaporation of a liquid or the expansion of a gas produce cooling.

1. A curve showing the behaviour of metal is given in Fig.21.

2. About 100 years ago, a French scientist Pierre Curie subjecting certain crystalline materials to pressure, observed that they produced an electric charge.

3. The computer’s electronic memory recording all the operator’s commands, the picture of deviations was produced.

1. If one looks at his own face in a mirror, the image observed is technically described as perverted.

2. If the service life of the instrument had been prolonged, the economic effect would have been increased many times.

3. It would be impossible to ensure the full supply of energy without atomic power station.

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 3-ий абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1-ый и 3-ий абзацы. Письменно ответьте на вопрос после текста.

The Moon

1.Long before the dawn of written history the Moon was paid much attention to by man who was interested and attracted by the presence in the sky of a planet so close to the Earth that the distance can be measured in thousands of kilometers, all the other figures being millions, billions and trillions. With the passage of time man began to note that the Moon went through several phases succeeding one another with perfect regularity. The earlier calendars offered were lunar calendars, each month beginning on a new moon. That influenced dividing the year into 12 months (in calendar now in general use), their names being given by the Romans.

2.In the Middle Ages the Moon was supposed to have a smooth crystalline surface like a mirror and the dark spots were considered to be mere reflections of the Earth. However, as early as 1609, with the help of the first telescope this conception was put an end to by Galileo who thought that he saw mountains and valleys, seas and continents in the Moon. Today the view of the Moon is obtained with the help of a series of automatic stations, but in spite of all man has learnt from space flights, the Moon is still a riddle from the distant past – and will be for a long time to come.

3.One thing man has come to know for sure is that the Moon is not made of green cheese, – it consists of the same chemical elements as other celestial bodies in the solar system, their proportions varying from planet to planet. The Moon is almost devoid of carbon, so necessary for living things on the Earth, and the makeup of its atmosphere is quite different. But in some other ways it is more like the Earth than many scientists thought. Photos and panoramas reveal that the Moon’s surface is uneven and rugged, with many hills and cavities like volcanic craters, some measuring several kilometers in diameter. Like the Earth, the Moon has layers, with a crust on the outside and a deep mantle below. It might also have a center core which includes molten rock. The lunar ground is assumed to be firm enough, though rocks from the Moon show that they were once melted. As to the Moon’s origin, none of existing theories has been proved to be either right or wrong, the truth remains to be investigated.

Vocabulary

to influence – влиять

surface – поверхность

to consist of – состоять из

to reveal – вскрывать, обнаружить

Question

What surface does the Moon have?

ВАРИАНТ 5

1. Now we know neutrino to have a rest mass (масса покоя) of about 30 electron-volts.

2. The properties of the new material are known to be determined next month.

3. Conduction is known to be a process by which heat is transmitted through a substance by molecular activity.

1. Working with machines, sharp tools, motors one must be always careful.

2. The stream of electrons moving along the conductor is called electric current.

3. Powerful nuclear ice-breakers being built in our country, we began a new chapter in the history of Arctic exploration.

1. If you have translated the article, you could have used valuable data in your work.

2. If the quality of the equipment were higher, the results of the experiment would be more accurate.

3. It would be impossible to explain chemical phenomena without using the laws of physics.

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 7-ой абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3 и 5-ый абзацы. Письменно ответьте на вопрос после текста.

Pyramids on Mars

1.An examination of some of the photos of Mars sent back to Earth by the space researchers Mariner-9 and Viking-1 provokes a question: was Mars once an inhabited planet? A group of soviet scientists from a number of organizations examined the photos and gave their conclusions.

2.There were discovered formations which have been interpreted as “a field of quadrangular pyramids”. Mariner-9 discovered formations which are geometrically correct structures. Viking-1 photographed something resembling the ruins of Egyptian pyramids. Nine kilometers east of the “city of pyramids” the photograph shows a stone structure shaped like a human head, and a strange dark circle.

3.The analyses and physical modeling of the Martian formations were performed. The Martian surface was compared with that of the Moon, and the shapes of the formations were compared with those of Egyptian and Mexican pyramids.

4.The small Martian “pyramids” were found to resemble the recently discovered giant pyramids, lying on the seabed of the Bermuda Island and the pyramids, 250 m high, found in the Brazilian jungle.

5.But they are nothing in comparison to the large Martian “pyramids” measuring up to 1.5 kilometers per side at the base and up to one kilometer in height.

6.The image of the “Martian sphinx”, 1.5 km long and 0.5 km wide, lies strictly along the meridian of the planet.

7.In the opinion of experts, the photographed formations are indeed pyramid-shaped and the “oval shaped formation” bears a formal resemblance to a head. But all these strange figures are of natural origin.

Vocabulary

structure shaped like – структура, имеющая форму

seabed – морское дно

per side – по сторонам

to bear a resemblance to – походить, быть похожим на

Question

What is the origin of the strange figures seen on the photos of Mars?

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