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Методические подходы к анализу финансового состояния предприятия

Проблема периодизации русской литературы ХХ века. Краткая характеристика второй половины ХХ века

Ценовые и неценовые факторы

Характеристика шлифовальных кругов и ее маркировка

Служебные части речи. Предлог. Союз. Частицы

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DBMS - Database management systems 3 страница. It is important to notice that Use Case Diagrams are not suited to represent the design, and cannot describe the internals of a system




It is important to notice that Use Case Diagrams are not suited to represent the design, and cannot describe the internals of a system. Use Case Diagrams are meant to facilitate the communication with the future users of the system, and with the customer. Use Case Diagrams tell, what the system should do but do not, and cannot, specify how this is to be achieved.

Use Cases are descriptions of the typical interactions between the users of a system and the system itself. They represent the external interface of the system and specify a form of requirements of what the system has to do (remember, only what, not how).

When working with Use Cases, it is important to remember some simple rules:

- Each Use Case is related to at least one actor

- Each Use Case has an initiator (i.e. an actor)

- Each Use Case leads to a relevant result (a result with “business value”)

- Use Cases can also have relationships with other Use Cases. The three most typical types of relationships between Use Cases are:

- <<include>> which specifies that a Use Case takes place inside another Use Case

- <<extends>> which specifies that in certain situations, or at some point (called an extension point) a Use Case will be extended by another.

- Generalization specifies that a Use Case inherits the characteristics of the “Super”-Use Case, and can override some of them or add new ones in a similar way as the inheritance between classes.

An actor is an external entity (outside of the system) that interacts with the system by participating (and often initiating) a Use Case. Actors can be in real life people (for example users of the system), other computer systems or external events [22] (see figure 2.21).

Figure 2.21 - Example of a use case diagram


 

3 THE APPLICATION DESIGNE AS A TECHNICAL OR MODEL EXPERIMENT

 

This section is the most important part of the graduation project. All the classes, methods, variables, applications, scripts and database will be described in this section. UML diagrams are drawn.

 

 

3.1 Aim of experiment

Steps (see figure 3.1, figure 3.2, figure 3.3):

1) registration

2) introduction

3) loading

4) information about history of Kazakhstan

5) scenario

6) the animated card

7) to begin level

8) to construct towers

9) to improve towers

10) to expose soldiers

11) to use additional force

12) to win against enemies

13) to stop the boss

14) to earn money

15) to move to the following level

16) to see achievements

17) to get points

18) to buy the hero

19) to improve the hero

20) to improve additional forces

21) to see credits

Figure 3.1 - Steps

 

 

Figure 3.2 - Class diagram

 

In my game, I used 12 classes: Boss.as, Bullet.as, C.as, Enemy.as, Placing.as, preloader.as, Tower_Fire.as etc.

 

Figure 3.3 - Kazakh khanate

 

The aim of my project – is to create a game for people who want to play and learn Kazakh language and Kazakh history at the same time.

Some parts of my projects (see figure 3.4, figure 3.5, figure 3.6, figure 3.7, figure 3.8, figure 3.9, figure 3.10, figure 3.11, figure 3.12, figure 3.13):

 

Figure 3.4 – Khans

Figure 3.5 – Otrar

Figure 3.6 – Girl

Figure 3.7 – Tower1

Figure 3.8 – Tower2

Figure 3.9 – Tower3

Figure 3.10 – Boss

Figure 3.11 – Enemy

Figure 3.12 – Dragon

Figure 3.13 – Soldier

 

 

3.2 Choice and explanation of the experiment methodology (see figure 3.14):

 

Figure 3.14 – Methodology

Development methodology

Planning

- Storyboarding, Game Analysis, and Game Rules

- User Experience

- Game Level Design

- Platform Identification

- Identification of Game Type

- Identify Technical Constraints and Implement Approach

- Design

- Art Assets and Graphics

- Identify Color Scheme

- Game Layout

- Graphics and Animations

- Image and File Formats

- Audio and Sound Effects

- Game framework

- Prototypes

- Use cases

- Design Signoff

- Programming

- Game Programming

- Level Implementation

- Game Architecture Implementation

- UI and UX integration

- Unit Testing

- Peer Code Reviews and Functional Reviews

- Alpha, Beta, and Gold Release Cycles

- Testing

- Functional Testing

- Game Play and Logic Testing

- Rule Adherence Testing

- Graphics Testing

- Issue Reporting

- QA Signoff and Final Release for UAT [23].

Flash game development has become increasingly popular over the years. Games play an important part mostly in everybody’s life. The latest trend in the gaming industry is exceptional graphics, animations, highly interactive and user friendly interface which virtually creates a real-time environment.

Our flash game developers constantly look for coming up with fresh and new concepts for flash game design. The developers are well versed with the blend of high end skill sets and enthusiasm of innovative creation with constant hard work.

Our Flash Game development methodology

- Analyze your gaming requirements

- Create an effective game story and plot

- Create game characters and icons

- Design right game environment

- Add suitable graphics and animations and carry out logical implementation in the game

- Create different gaming levels

- Bug fixing and trial run

- Final deployment

Our expert developers can develop games accompanying all types of categories for Flash such as:

- Action and thrilling games

- Adventure games

- Entertainment games

- Sports and racing games

- Puzzle and arcade games

- Multiplayer games

- 2D and 3D games

Why Dotsquares?

- Eye-catching flash banners

- Robust, scalable, reliable and innovative games with on time project delivery.

- Cost effective Flash based game development

- Attractive landing pages

- Powerful and attractive games that keep the audience engrossed.

- Customized high-end gaming solutions [24].

 

 

3.3 Experiment findings

Architecture of application

The diagram of the use case shown in figure 3.15. Where USER can interact with the application. It can send contacts in the application, the request contacts, update your contacts. SERVER is store contacts, gives an account name in the application, if required. The Application is acts as a buffer between the user and the server. The interaction with the user is prompted to store and edit contacts.

Figure 3.15 - The use case diagram

 

The sequence diagram is shown in figure 3.16. Here you can see the sequence of actions as the action happens.

1: User presses registration button

2: Application asks for login and password

3: User gives that information

4: Application approves user information

5: If the USER identification is valid THEN application displays a welcome message to User

6: User presses send contacts button

7: Application gets contacts and sends to server

 

 

Figure 3.16 - The sequence diagram.

 

A database is shown in figure 3.17. The database contains two tables: Users and Contact. Table Users is designed to store information about the user. Table Users contains columns id, login and password. Column id’s type is “int (255) serial” Primary key. When you add user to database id is automatically increased by one unit. Column login’s type is “varchar (50).” The Longest password can be 50 characters. Column password’s type is «varchar (50)."The Longest login can have 50 characters.

Table Contacts is designed to store contacts of person. Table Contacts contains columns id, name, surname, userId, number. Column id’s type is “int (255) serial” Primary key. When you add one contact id is automatically increased by one unit. Type of name column is «varchar (50)." The longest name of a contact can have 50 characters. Type of column surname is «varchar (50)." The longest name can have 50 characters. Type of column userId is «int (255) serial» Foreign key. Type of column number is «varchar (50)." This column is used to store phone number.

 

Figure 3.17 - Diagram Databases

 

Description of the classes

GameController.as is a main class, connected with the other classes.

Description of functions are shown in table 3.1.

Table 3.1 - Functions of this class

Function Type Description
turnOffPlacing() MouseEvent currentLabel == "on"
showTowerFireHelp()   Checking, updating and stops the game
turnOnPlacing() MouseEvent currentLabel == "possible"
spawnMonster() push(monsterToSpawn); This function add my enemy
gameOver() RemoveEventListener Play again
spawnWave() C.BOSS_START_X - 40*i; This function write counts of my enemy waves
clickTowerFire() MouseEvent Check if the player has already clicked on a tower, create a Fire Tower, turn on all placings
startMenu() btnPlay This variable of type button, if pressed starts the game
startGameWin() btnRestart This variable of type button, if pressed game restarted
setupGame() getChildAt(i); To create a new currObject(), which is Placing

XML files

Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. In diploma project xml used for designing application. XML is view of application for user. Xml file which used in diploma project shown in table 3.2.

Gallery.xml:

Table 3.2 – Xml description

Name Type Description
IMAGE FULL full_images In this folder my big images
THUMB Thumbs In this folder my small images

 

Preloader.as – this class is preloader of my game, which counts size of my project (6764 kb).

Description of functions are shown in table 3.3.

 

Table 3.3 – Functions of preloader class

Function Type Description
preloader() addEventListener Create Update funtion
Update () Event This function consists of mathematical logics and loadings strings.

Register.swf:

This file is used for login (logout) and registration before the starting the game, which connected with php files:

login.sendAndLoad("http://localhost/flaphpsql/data/login.php", logged, "GET");

register.sendAndLoad("http://localhost/flaphpsql/data/register.php", registered, "GET");

PHP scripts:

login.php:

<?php

require_once('../include/dbconnect.php');

$user = $_GET['user'];

$pass = $_GET['pass'];

$result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM accounts WHERE user = '$user' AND pass = '$pass'");

if(mysql_num_rows($result)==0){

$login = "&err = Login Failed.";

echo($login);}

else{$row = mysql_fetch_array($result);

$user=$row['user'];

$pass=$row['pass'];

$login = "&user=". $user. "&pass=". $pass. "&err=Login Successful.";

echo($login);}?>

register.php:

<?php

require_once('../include/dbconnect.php');

$user = $_GET['user'];

$pass = $_GET['pass'];

$result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM accounts WHERE user = '$user'");

if(mysql_num_rows($result)>0){

$register = "&err = Registration Failed.";

echo($register);}

else{

mysql_query("INSERT INTO accounts (id,user,pass) VALUES ('', '$user', '$pass')");

$register = "&err=Registration Successful.";

echo($register);}?>

dbconnect.php:

<?php

define("HOST", "localhost");

define("DBUSER", "root");

define("PASS", "");

define("DB", "cora_db");

$conn = mysql_connect(HOST, DBUSER, PASS) or die ('Could not connect to server.');

$db = mysql_select_db(DB) or die('Database could not be located.');?>

C.as – is initialize general, game, towers, monsters and bullets constants.

For example: public static const TOWER_FIRE_COST:Number = 60;

Bullet.as – is class of bullets in my game.

Description of functions are shown in table 3.4.

 

Table 3.4 - Functions of bullet class

Function Type Description
Bullet () This Create new variables
update () hitTestPoint This function consists of mathematical logics of Slow Effect to monster and damage all nearby monsters

 

 

Boss.as – is class of my main enemy.

Description of functions are shown in table 3.5.

 

Table 3.5 - Functions of Boss class

Function Type Description
  Boss () checkPoints Create new variables and coordinate my boss
takeDamage gotoAndPlay("death"); Counts damage
update () Var finalSpeed

 

Tower_Fire.as – is tower class in my game.

Description of functions are shown in table 3.6.

 

Table 3.6 - Functions of Tower_Fire class

Function Type Description
Tower_Fire () Number Initialize variables
setActive() Boolean true
update () Var spawn new bullet

 

Placing.as – is used for checking of some placed objects.

Description of functions are shown in table 3.7.

 

Table 3.7 - Functions of Placing class

Function Type Description
Placing () Boolean true
placeTower () Boolean canPlace = false;

 

Monster.as - is class where written 1coordinates, speed and life of my enemies.

Description of functions are shown in table 3.8.

 

Table 3.8 - Functions of Monster class

Function Type Description
Monster () checkPoints Create new variables and coordinate my enemies
takeDamage gotoAndPlay("death"); Counts damage
update () Var move in the direction of the checkpoint

 


 

4 ECONOMIC RATIONALE OF THE PROJECT

 

The purpose of this section is to assess the complexity and cost of creating and implementing programs developed and compare it with the cost of existing alternative means of training.

The main criterion on the basis of which you can really appreciate the value of creating a software tool can serve as the complexity of the value of its creation. As the program becomes a product of any type, the approach to its production must largely be similar approach to industrial production. Therefore become extremely important economic efficiency of their creation and use.

Program for the PC, as well as any solution that is to be considered from an economic point of view, defining its economic feasibility and usefulness. The purpose of the feasibility study is to develop a quantitative and qualitative evidence of the economic feasibility of modernization programs as well as the definition of organizational and economic conditions for its effective functioning. The effectiveness of the program module is determined by the quality and efficiency of the process of development and maintenance. The quality of the product is determined by:

- The viewpoint of the user of expert software product;

- The point of resource use and evaluation;

- The meet the requirements for the software product.

- The software product should be designed so that it performs its functions without the expense of resources (RAM, CPU time, and others - on the stage of the operation, development time and financial resources - at the stage of use of the software product).

The content of the feasibility of development of the program is as follows:

- Determination of the cost and complexity of software;

- Calculation of the cost of staff salaries;

- Calculation of capital and operating costs for the development.

Main goal of my diploma project is the development flash game. Audience of my diploma project are students, programmers and pupils.

 

 

4.1 Economic effectiveness of the project

Economic efficiency is to get the maximum possible benefits from the available resources. To do this constantly you must correlate benefits and costs or to put it another way, to behave rationally. Rational behavior is that the producer and consumer goods tend to highest efficiency and to maximize this benefit and minimize costs.

An important part of the efficiency of the economic system is the efficiency of capital investments. It is expressed as the ratio of the obtained effect to the capital investments that caused this effect. The effectiveness of capital investments measured set of indicators, which includes the overall effect of capital investment, the rate of return, payback period, the comparative effectiveness and other indicators of economic efficiency of capital investments are used to compare alternative investment projects and choosing the best project.

A rather large role in the economic process (whether economical software or not) depends on the programmers creating this software. Then play the role of the creation, debugging, and operation of the program.

The cost of all Adobe package is 600 000 tg. The cost of only Adobe Flash is 80 000 tg. Also there is a similar free program under the name Sothink SWF Quicker with.sqf expansion. Adobe Flash has.fla expansion.

 

 

4.2 Choice and explanation of economic efficiency calculation methodology

GitHub is a web-based Git repository hosting service. It offers all of the distributed revision control and source code management (SCM) functionality of Git as well as adding its own features. Unlike Git, which is strictly a command-line tool, GitHub provides a Web-based graphical interface and desktop as well as mobile integration. It also provides access control and several collaboration features such as bug tracking, feature requests, task management, and wikis for every project.

GitHub offers both plans for private repositories and free accounts, which are usually used to host open-source software projects. As of April 2016, GitHub reports having more than 14 million users and more than 35 million repositories, making it the largest host of source code in the world

 

 

4.3 Calculation of the project’s economic effectiveness

In the economic part of the thesis calculates cost estimates for design work, and calculates the cost-effectiveness of the developed software system.

To an assessment of expenses include the following results:

- cost of materials;

- cost of the main and additional salary;

- unified social tax;

- expenses on maintenance and operation of the equipment;

- Other cash expenditures.

Calculation of the cost of materials

For the work, necessary to organize one work place and one workstation to install the server part of the software package. To save the server part of the software in the design stage can be set in the workplace programmer. Needed one PC with processor intel core i3 – 10000tg

Also, in the development of complex software following materials were used:

1. Pens and pencils - 300 tg.

2. Notebooks - 500 tg

3. Mouse - 3200 tg

4. USB Flash Drive 4GB - 2000 tg.

5. Headphones - 2000 tg

6. Books - 5000 tg

7. Other materials - 1000tg.

Total: 14000.00 tg.

Total expenditure on materials is: 114 000 tg.

Expenditure on salaries

The basic wage is calculated based developer of salary (Table 4.1), As well as the duration of individual stages of work in the development of software system.

 

Table 4.1 - Staffing of the project team

Category of employees Quantity Salary (tg./mon.)
  Developer    
Total   130 000

 

The average number of working days in a month is 22 days.

Additional monthly fee is charged at the rate (Kad) of 20% of the basic salary and is:

S = Sm * Kad = (130000*20)/100 = 26000tg. (4.1)

Accrual of social security payroll is 26% of the basic salary:

P = Sm* 26% = 130000 * 26% = 33800tg. (4.2)

The calculation of the basic and additional wages is shown in table 4.2.

 

Table 4.2 - The calculation of the basic and additional wages

Position Quantity of workers Salary tg./mon. Quantity of worked days Salary in one day tg./day. Total тг.
Developer   130 000      
Additional salary  
Accruals to social security payroll  
Total:  

The costs of operation and maintenance of equipment

Development of software system was made on a laptop. The cost of a single PC is 100 000 tenge.

The cost of 1 hour of computer time is calculated by the formula:

Ct = Se / Ty * K where (4.3)

Se - Annual operating costs;

Ty - Annual Usable PC time;

K - coefficient of utilization of the PC.

The annual operating cost calculated by the formula:

Se = Sa + Sz where, (4.4)

Sa - Deductions for depreciation (12.5% cost of the PC);

Sz - The cost of maintenance (2% cost of the PC).

Se = 100000 * (12.5 + 2)/100 = 14500tg.

Annual Usable time of equipment is calculated as the product of the number of working days in a year at the time of the PC in the day:

Ty = 252 * 7 = 1764 hour.

Then the cost of one hour of computer time:

Ct = Se / Ty * K = 14500 / 1764 * 0.7 = 11.7tg. (4.5)

The number of working hours spent on the development and debugging of software system is (66 * 8) = 528 hours. Thus, the cost of maintenance and operation of the PC are equal to:

P = 528 * 11.7 = 6177.6 tg.

The calculation of the estimated total costs of the work is shown

in table 4.3.

 

Table 4.3 - The estimated total costs of the work

#№ Cost item Sum, tg.
  cost of materials 114 000
  costs of operation and maintenance of equipment 6 177,60
  Main salary  
  Additional salary  
  Accruals to social security payroll  
Total: 689 578

Calculation of profit

In first year application will be spread for free to get more famous, and then after one year the cost of application will be 150tg. In android market more than 150 million people.

689578/150 = 4597 people

If only 4597 users download this application all costs will be closed. If in one day 10 users will download this application:

10*30 = 300 users in month

300 * 12 = 3600 user in year

In 15 month 4597 people will download this application and all costs will be closed, and after that time all downloaded application will make a profit.

 


 

5 LABOR SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

 

The purpose of this section is to identify the diploma and the most effective response to the negative effects of computer technology on the human body.

Operators and computer users are exposed to such dangerous and harmful factors, such as:

- X-rays;

- Ultraviolet radiation;

- Electromagnetic radiation;

- Electrostatic field;

- Overvoltage organ of vision, and others.

Convenient and reliable working conditions are the major factors that influence productivity of the people who work with the computer. For providing these conditions it is necessary to know state standards, regulatory requirements, recommendations about compatibility, ecological safety, etc.






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