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DBMS - Database management systems 4 страница. 5.1 Characteristics of the workplace




 

 

5.1 Characteristics of the workplace

The theme of my diploma project is development flash game. I had an externship in ALLC Institute of space technique and technology, which is located at 34 Kislovodsk Str.

The number of workers in the ISET is 90 people, which include 41 research associates (from them 2 doctors (including 1 academician NAS RK), 9 candidates of science, 1 doctor of PhD), 15 masters (from them – 7 trained masters), 22 technical officers. A 40-hour working week with no change is established. The schedule: from Monday till Friday, from 8:00 to 17:00, lunch 12:00 – 13:00. My worked place was on the second floor.

The power and grounding system is implemented in strict accordance with the requirements for protection from interference, as well as protection from

- Transient interferences in AC power circuits and circuits of input / output;

- Continuous radio frequency interferences;

- RF electromagnetic field;

- Conducted disturbances induced by radio-frequency electromagnetic fields;

- Magnetic fields of industrial frequencies;

- Transient noise of high energy;

- Dynamic change of voltage (interruptions, failures, emissions) of the power supply.

In the office room it is not permitted to store equipment and materials that have no direct relation to the operation of the server and telecommunications equipment. Room cleaning is only performed in the presence of a responsible officer of the Division of Information Technologies. Fire and industrial safety, and also main objectives, organizational principles of creation and operation of civil defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan [26].

In the office room the emergency lighting system is provided that ensures ability to service the equipment in the event of failure of the system of guaranteed power supply.

Switching from general lighting to an emergency one takes place automatically or mechanically, for failures of the system of guaranteed power supply.

The area of all building is 150 square meters. Lighting is normal. There are three workplaces and three computers. Also work instructions, fire safety and ventilation are available. Office room has a lot of electric points.

The office is equipped in accordance with the sanitary rules and norms “Sanitary-epidemiological requirements to working conditions with sources of physical factors that have an impact on the person” [27].

 

 

5.2 Analysis of dangerous and harmful factors

Special laws can be found in the Labor Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan” from November 23, 2015 № 414-V [28].

Working on a computer doesn’t affect only the eyes. It has a negative influence to the whole human body. Let’s talk about sitting at your desk. Maybe your chairs are comfortable, but think about sitting on the same chair for 8 or 12 hours. This can cause bending of the spine and another unwanted pains. To keep your body in good shape, try to practice some kind of sport or exercise. Running early in the morning will help, as will swimming. Moving body as much as you can as this will help you to avoid these kinds of problems.

- The type of foods you eat is another important topic to cover. Here are some tips:

- Try to eat the best possible foods you can.

- Remember, moving less will result in weight gain. So…move!

- Don’t eat fast food.

Eat more vegetables and fruits. They contain a lot of vitamins that are extremely important for the human body.

The last piece of advice is to try to put your computer as far away from you as possible – whether at your desk or when you don’t need to be using it. The reason for this is simple. The computer processor generates super low levels of radiation which can be harmful, considering the amount of time spent in front the computer. In addition, try to spend less time in front the computer on the weekend.

Dangerous and harmful production factors on the occurrence of nature are divided into the following groups (by GOST 12.0.003-74) [29]:

- Physical;

- Chemical;

- Psychophysiological;

- Biological.

Another tip is to look around at natural surroundings, like trees, grass and such things. Their colors will influence the eyes and make them feel good. Another idea is to close your eyes for 3-4 minutes during a break. This also helps, giving your eyes some much needed rest.

The number of computers in the workplace has increased rapidly over the last few years and it is now quite normal for most staff in voluntary organizations to be exposed to computer usage. The Health and Safety at Work Act lays down legal standards for computer equipment and requires employers to take steps to minimize risks for all workers. Workers have received substantial damages for injuries caused through use of computers where the employer could have foreseen the risk but did nothing about it.

Firstly, you need to protect your eyes. If you work on a computer it is your most important tool. One of the things you must do is to take a 15 minutes break every 45 minutes. Another thing you can try to do is to blink more often while you stare at the monitor or use an eye drops every 3-4 hours.

When you work and stare at your monitor you blink less often and that causes your eyes to dry up. This can cause problems later on, such as blurry vision, irritation or even inflammation of the eyes. Blinking is a natural way to keep the eyes wet; if you can’t blink often when you work using eye drops will compensate for that.

The next problem is that your eyes are not moving much at all when working on a computer. This can cause atrophy of the eye muscles which means that you can lose the ability to focus on things that are close to you. There is a solution to this problem. You just need to do some exercises with your eyes twice daily. It takes less than 5-7 minutes for all of them.

Exercise one: Moving eyes in circle from left to right 6-8 times and then the opposite another 6-8 times.

Exercise two: Moving eyes from left to right or right to left horizontally 10-12 times.

Exercise three: Moving eyes from top to bottom 10-12 times. You have to be careful here. Do it slowly because you can harm your eye muscle.

Exercise four: Put something 30 cm away from your eyes. Focus on this thing and then focus on something which is further away. Then resume focusing on the thing closer to you, repeating the focus shifting 6-8 times.

These four exercises will help you to save your eyes just for 15 minutes a day. Do the exercise sessions in the first break when you’re at work and the second after lunch — and don’t do the exercises too fast, either.

In the GOST 12.1.005-88 [29] represented optimal and permissible parameters of the microclimate in the workplace, depending on the severity of the performed work, the amount of excess heat in the room and the season.

 

 

5.3 Health and safety during the work

Electrical safety

Exists occupational safety management systems of organizations [28].

In the PC and server source of danger is the electric part, namely, the input circuits of the power supply, which can be connected to the current industrial voltage 240 V, 50 Hz, with isolated neutral. Output circuit of the power supply is 15 ± 5V. Consequently, according to electrical codes (PUE 1.1.3) [31] device belongs to installations with a rated voltage up to 1000V to use the premises from a PC belongs to a class of premises without heightened risk from the point of view of the risk of electric shock. Ambient temperature of room must be +20 ± 5, relative humidity of 60 ± 20%. The room must be non-conductive floors, conductive dust absent, absent electrically active environment, absent the ability to simultaneously touch the metal parts of the instrument and electrical grounding, missing the heat and humidity (PUE 1.1.13) [31]. To protect against electric shock, all live parts shall be protected against accidental contact housings (PUE 1.1.32) [31], the device must be grounded. Grounding is performed insulated copper wire 1.5 mm2 (PUE 01/07/78) [31], which is attached to a common ground bus with a total cross-section of 48 m2 by welding. Overall tire attached to the ground, the resistance of which should not exceed 4 ohms (PUE 1.7.65) [31]. Meals must be made from the power board through the circuit breaker will be triggered when a short-circuit load.

Fire safety

All potentially dangerous and harmful production factors are taken into account and neutralized, according to the “Sanitary regulations Law of the Republic of on Radiation Safety of the Population” [32].

The rooms in which are installed PCs, the fire hazards are related to the category D, and shall meet the requirements for the prevention and suppression of fire in accordance with GOST 12.1.004-91 [29]. To prevent fire in the zone of conventional PC combustible materials (paper) and electrical equipment, you should take the following measures: use dry chemical OP-5. Powder extinguishers are used to extinguish fires of almost all classes, including the electric equipment under voltage up to 1000 V. Their application depends on the type used in the extinguisher powder. Today it is the most common type of fire extinguishers. Temperature range of them can reach values ​​of -50 to 50 C °. These extinguishers can put out a small fire, electrical, combustible gases and liquids. Inside there is a special extinguisher powder which when sprayed on the surface of the film creates a burning object. Powder contained in OP irritates the respiratory system, so while working with him to use a protective bandage. Fire safety measures are defined in ISO 12.1.004-91 [33]. Members are allowed to work on the PC only receive instruction on safety and fire safety in the laboratory as a whole and in every workplace.

Safety precautions when working with a computer

Personal computer is the appliance. From other electrical appliances it is different in that it provides an opportunity for long-term operation without disconnecting from the mains. In normal operating mode, the computer may be in a mode with reduced power consumption in the standby or idle mode request. In connection with the possibility of continuous operation without shutting down the computer from the electrical outlet should pay special attention to the quality of the organization of power. Impermissible use of substandard and worn components in the electrical system, as well as their surrogate substitutes: outlets, extension cords, adapters, tees. It is unacceptable to modify their own data port plugs that meet other standards. Electrical contacts outlets should have no mechanical loads associated with the connection of massive components (adapters, tees, etc.). All cables and wires shall be located at the rear of the computer and peripheral devices. Their placement in the work zone member is not allowed. Do not make any transactions associated with connecting, disconnecting or moving the components of a computer system without loss of power. The computer should not be used near electric heaters and heating systems. It is unacceptable to place on the system unit, monitor, and peripherals foreign objects: books, sheets, towels, blankets to protect against dust. This leads to a permanent or temporary block its air vents. Forbidden to introduce foreign objects into the ventilation slots or operational components of a computer system. Features of the power of the monitor. The monitor has elements that can maintain a high voltage for a long time after being disconnected from the network. Opening the monitor user is unacceptable under any circumstances. This is not only dangerous to life, but also technically useless, as there is no monitor inside organs, adjusting or setting which the user can improve its performance. Opening and maintenance of monitors can be made only in special workshops.

When you work with your computer you need to know the following measures:

1) must be in the room must be enabled and the light should be lit table lamp;

2) when working with a computer is necessary to observe the correct posture;

3) the distance from the eyes of the monitor should be at least half a meter;

4) how long the PC should not exceed 2 hours

Anthropogenic impact of the object on the environment and measures for environmental safety

In the office "ISET" is nothing harmful to the environment. But the production of PCs may make changes in the ecology of the environment. Hazardous waste production is available on any industrial enterprise. This hire and stamping and sheet bending processes in the production cycle of computer technology. It is characterized as waste metal chips and scale, using water cycle industrial water cooled, using alkali and oils emulsions, gas emission from the heating furnaces. Modern automatic production of metal products has high environmental performance. It all depends on the enterprise, how it is prepared to go to meet nature. Enterprises using modern technology and environmentally friendly production with a certificate of ISO (ISO 14001) [33] inflict minimal damage to nature.

 

 

5.4 Provision of fire safety at work station

At ISET are absent ignition sources, there are warning facilities of sparking and a fire extinguishing means, workers are instructed and know evident propaganda, plans of evacuation, appointment responsible man for fire safety.

The system of ventilation has to be electric and fire safety, is simple in a design, efficiency and reliability in operation.

Fire safety measures are defined in “Building standards and regulations of RK 2.02-05-2009 Fire safety of buildings and structures” [34].

Gas fire extinguishing systems today are the most reliable and secure in this office room. This is because the velocity of the gas is very high. In addition, it is able to penetrate into the most remote and inaccessible corners of the room. These properties of the gas fire suppression systems make them virtually indispensable to the premises of increased importance, which is certainly true office room. But these systems have one major drawback - their high cost, but quality comes at a price.

In addition, it is necessary to carry out the development of a set of measures in the event of fire detection and training standards of fire safety. To do this, appointed person is responsible for fire-safe condition of the room. Typically, this is the head of division. All employees may be allowed to work only after appropriate instruction. Installation of equipment and furniture should be strictly thought out so as to pass for the possible evacuation of people has always been free. No smoking in the room, and the use of faulty equipment.

National standards in the field of architecture, urban development and construction. Building code. Fire safety of buildings and structures [35].

Electrical safety

Electrical installations, which include almost all PC hardware, pose great potential danger for a person, as while operating or conducting maintenance works one can touch parts under high voltage. The specific risk of electrical installations is that the live conductors, computer encasing and other equipment, put under voltage as a result of damage (breakdown) of isolation, do not provide any signals that would warn people of the danger.

When working on electric installations in order to prevent any injuries it is strictly important to implement and comply with the appropriate organizational and technical arrangements. The organizational measures include: issuing written or verbal work order, work permits, supervision during the operation, and registration of the work breaks, job transfers, and end of the work.

To ensure the electrical safety of electrical installations in operation, along with these activities are used technical protection measures, which include: electrical insulation of live parts, protective grounding, neutral grounding, and electrical separation of the network, lowered voltage, double insulation [35].

All potentially dangerous and harmful production factors are taken into account and neutralized, according to the “Sanitary regulations Law of the Republic of on Radiation Safety of the Population” [32].

Occupational safety

Proceeding from the aforesaid, here some simple fire safety regulations for the personal computer:

- Never wash a body with damp fabric as water can get inside, and it can lead to closing;

- It is impossible to put on following the worker heaters;

- Remove dust with chips;

- Compliance of electric codes;

- Air indoors shouldn't be damp (temperature of 18-24 °C at 40-80% of relative humidity of air) to avoid the static category.

 

 

5.5 Engineering calculations on artificial lighting/ noise protection/ ventilation etc.)

Calculation of artificial lighting

Objectives: To calculate the parameters of the artificial lighting. Determine the intensity of the sound sources to the levels of intensity, and to find the total noise level for all sources. All coefficients are taken from the data sheet [1]

We consider task - lighting, it provides regulatory light levels indoors and work sites outside of buildings. The ultimate goal is to determine the type of lamps and the number of lamps. Since the minimum target of discrimination at work with a PC pixel - one point of light, and its size is 0.28mm, it has to deal with the visual work of very high accuracy, a level II of visual work. And depending on the software used can be dealt with, both directly and with reverse contrast and contrast the nature of the object and the nature of the background can be anything: light, medium, dark. It should also be noted that the duration of the visual work is more than half of the working day. On the basis of these data, we conclude that the visual work has a level II with subclass "in". General lighting is 500 lux and 2000 lux illumination combined, including 200 lux lighting.

Since the work PC does not belong to the category of very fine, choose a system of general lighting.

Bulb Type LTB40; lamp power Pl = 40 W

Luminous flux Fl = 2200 lm

The luminaires with tubular fluorescent lamps are placed parallel to the wall with windows. Fixtures are arranged in rows, docking with each other.

Plans location of fixtures and their vertical orientation:

hn hp - defined; hn = 3 m hp = 0.8 m

The distance from the floor to the fixture

hc = 0,2 (hn-hp) = 0.44 m; (5.1)

The distance from the working surface to the lamp

hcp = hn - hp - hc = 1.46 (5.2)

l = 1,5 (for fluorescent lighting fixtures);

lc= l×hcp (5.3)

lc = 1.5 * 1.46 = 2,19 m - the distance between the centers of the lamps.

The calculation of the required number of lamps finds by the formula

Nсв=Sn/lc2, where Sn - The illuminating the room;

Nсв = 6 * 3/4, 79 = 3,76 ≈ 4 (5.4)

Used the method of utilization of luminous flux:

i= a×b/(hp(a+b)), (5.5)

i - Index of premises; a, b, hp - length, width, height of the room, if m i <0.5 or i> 5, the corresponding but-or i = 0.5 i = 5.

Our i = 6 * 3 / (0.8 * (6 +3)) = 2.5.

The coefficient of uneven lighting for fluorescent lamps z = 1.1. The safety factor for media containing less than 1mg/m3 dust and smoke, provided cleaning fixtures at least 4 times a year kz = 1.8

The reflection coefficient of the ceiling P = 0.5

Wall reflectance Pc = 0.3

The coefficient of luminous flux at a given index premises and reflection coefficients of the walls and ceiling ŋ = 0.48

Number of lamps:

N = (E * Sn * z *kz)/(Fl * Nсв * ŋ) (5.6)

N = (500 * 18 * 1.1 * 1.5) / (2200 * 4 * 0.48) = 14850/4224 = 3.52

Calculation of noise workplace laboratories

In the office "ISET" 10 PCs and one server. The average noise level is 40 dB of single PC, a server 60dB. Objective: To determine the actual intensity of the sound sources to the levels of intensity and find the total noise level for all sources [29].

The actual intensity of sound determined by the formula

L = 10*lg(J/J0) (5.7)

where J - the actual value of the power of sound, W/m2

J0 - the threshold values of sound power, W m-2 (J0 = 10-12 W/m2)

lg - logarithm of the decimal.

L = 10 * lg (J/ J0) = 10 * (lgJ - lg J0) = 10 * lgJ - 10 * lg J0

10 * lgJ = L + 10 * lg J0

lgJ = L/10 + lg J0

PC lgJ = 40/10 + lg10-12 = 4 - 12 = -8 W/m2

For the server lgJ = 60/10 + lg10-12 = 6 - 12 = -6 W/m2

the actual sound intensity for each PC -8 W m-2, the actual intensity of the sound server - 6 W/m2

The total noise from several sources with the same level of sound intensity or sound pressure L1 (dB) can be determined from

L = L1 + 10lgn (5.8)

where n is the number of noise sources;

L1 - a source of noise, dB

L = 40 + 10lg10 = 40 + 10 = 50 dB

The noise level from all of the computers is 50 dB.

To determine the total noise level using a formula

L = Lb + ∆ (5.9)

Where Lb is the larger of the folding noise sources dB.

Δ – “additive" at addition levels from two sources dB

L1 - L2 = 60 - 50 = 10dB (5.10)

If the noise is 10dB difference, Δ = 0,45

L = Lb + Δ = 60 + 0.45 = 60.45 dB

The total noise level in the laboratory “Institute for Space Applications and Technologies” is 60.45 dB. This is the optimal level of noise exceeds the laboratory.

 

 

5.6 Conclusion of Safety

Physical and psychophysiological factors are the most widespread reasons for employees’ deterioration and their productivity decrease. Biological factors play a big role in the named premises, because large amount of people can cause infections and viruses’ spread.

The harmful and dangerous factors posed by computer usage can be minimized with proper workplace organization, which include correct location of an employee and use of grounding system.

Many recommendations can be found in sanitary-epidemiological rules, developed by official institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Computer workplace must be properly organized, and it also requires users to perform simple actions before, during, and after work. These activities help to avoid dangerous situations, health disorders, and equipment breakage.

Rooms with high density of technological pieces pose constant danger of fire. Due to this fact, people working with computers have to be perfectly trained what to do in case of fire detection, and how to eliminate the potential economic losses. The premises have also to be equipped with special fire-fighting devices and systems for fast fire and smoke responding.

Another big concern at a workplace is lighting. There are regulatory and recommendatory descriptions about light, and from calculation it was found that laboratory meets the requirements on artificial lighting. Industrial noise can be a reason of psychophysiological disorders and should not exceed the norms.

In the computer office of ISET created healthy and safe working conditions.

 

CONCLUSION

 

- The game has been tested for performance

- Objective achieved in full, the tasks are solved.

- Made similar analysis of games

- Made design, database, scenario, program code.

Game product was created to provide efficient access to volumes of information necessary for gamers. Project have animation tools, interactive controls and useful game strategy, including events plot, my soldiers, enemies, heroes, towers, barracks. Is the useful program for pupils who want to know history of Kazakhstan. In the future I plan to transfer my project to Unreal Engine.

After gathering the necessary material and examination the actual development issues, within the confines of diploma project was developed flash game. This was established following problems were solved:

- Introduction of modern advertising development techniques and use them in their development;

- Manipulating the audio and text programmatically using native ActionScript code

- Interesting game process.

- Development the intuitive design for project.

- Handling different types of data into database

PC game represents a relatively new trend in the field of advertising and can develop tourism in our country. While a lot of similar technology is already available, there are still open challenges with respect to design, usability, portability, functionality and implementation aspects. For the stated reason, was developed the flash game with rich content that matches user preferences.

The importance of the diploma work is based on the fact that this kind of game is new to Kazakhstan's game industry and it helps to enhance in overall tourism of our country that can increase the number of foreign tourists.

Developed PC application in this diploma project has an intuitive interface that greatly facilitates the working process. Moreover, the optimizing the memory usage was one of the vital important to make application more responsive and performing operations as fast as possible.

As a further activity, research on the validity and reliability of the application is proposed. It would also be convenient to find if the game can be improved and customized for other moments.

The project game should solve following problems:

Giving more reliable information to users in form of text and audio about Kazakh language and Kazakhstan history.

Helps to improve tourism industry of Kazakhstan by advertising method.

Interesting game process for users.

 

 

REFERENCES

 

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9. Oryl, M.F. (2001) What is adobe flash? - definition. Available at: http://www.mobileburn.com/definition.jsp?term=Adobe+Flash (Accessed: 17 May 2016).

10. Brimelow, L. (2012) Six reasons to use ActionScript 3.0. Available at: http://www.adobe.com/devnet/actionscript/articles/six_reasons_as3.html (Accessed: 17 May 2016).

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