Additional literature and resources. 2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_woodworking

2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_woodworking

3 Clive Oxenden, Christina Latham-Koenig New English File Advanced. Student Book, Oxford University Press 2010

4 First Certificate. Language Practice. Macmillan 2003

5 www.englishpage.com

GRAMMAR [5]

Future in the Past   Future in the Past is used to express the idea that in the past you thought something would happen in the future. It does not matter if you are correct or not. Future in the Past follows the same basic rules as the Simple Future. "Would" is used to volunteer or promise. Examples: I knew Julie would make dinner. voluntary action He promised he would send a postcard from Egypt. promise REMEMBER No Future in Time Clauses Like all future forms, Future in the Past cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of using Future in the Past, you must use Simple Past. Examples: I already told Mark that when he would arrive, we would go out for dinner. Not Correct I already told Mark that when he arrived, we would go out for dinner. Correct ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples: I knew John would finish the work by 5:00 PM. Active I knew the work would be finished by 5:00 PM. Passive

Exercise 1. Put the verb in the brackets in the right tense.

a) We had to clean the kitchen because they.........(visit) us.

b) I didn't sell this ring, it............(be) a present for Kate on her next birthday.

c).................(write) the book if I didn't tell you the story?

d) Who..................(follow) the criminal if the police wasn't informed?

e) My parents saved money as they..................(travel) around the world.

Exercise 2. Choose the right variant.

1. Jim said that he......................to the cinema

a. will go b. would go c. go

2. The teacher reminded me that I..............pass my exam so I studied harder.

a. would pass b. will pass c. wouldn't pass

3. If I didn't ask for permission I............there

a. wouldn't go b. didn't go c. didn't went

4.................. him the truth if you knew how he reacted?

a. would you tell b. you would tell c. would you told

5. If I............enough time I.............. more cities during my trip.

a. had/visit b. had/visited c. had/would visit

6. James would sail..........he had a new boat.

a. if b. unless c. when

7. The stranger................that I would be careful.

a. said b. say c. would say

8. When we talked he said that he.....................this book the next day.

a. would bring b. would brought c. will bring

9. In his speech the president said that he....................all poor people.

a. will help b. won't help c. would help

10...................celebrate her birthday if I didn't mentioned about it?

a. she would celebrate b. she would celebrated c. would she celebrate

Exercise 3. Read the article.

Indian woodcraft.

Woodcrafts of India are famous since ages and probably one of the most primitive arts. Woodcarving is an ancient craft practiced in India long before the age of ancient stone sculptural age. Indian wood worker designated as sutradhar has always held a high position in the society. Wood, which was an obvious choice for fuel and making of tools in ancient times, has its voluptuous use in public via private walks of life, ranging from pillars, to doors, window to household articles.
Woodcraft is the artistic practice of shaping and decorating wooden objects into diverse ways often crafted to form various utilitarian and decorative handicrafts items. Skilled craftsmen of each state create handicrafts using wood that at first infests the regional market then ventures to detain the foreign ones. The regional concentration: the accessibility of cheap labour, the invested capital etc. backs the pinnacle of splendour and perfection of these craft form. Mainpur in Uttar Pradesh is also known for its woodwork inlaid with brass wire on ebony or black sheesham. The states of Jammu & Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka and Kerala have conceptually urbanized distinctive styles of woodcarvings. Even Rajasthan is noted for its carved sandalwood and rosewood besides silhouetting the industrial horizon with heavy ornamental furniture.

Ancient India highlights wood as a medium for manufacturing daily usable items, utensils, axes, toys and dolls for children crafted with wood. Excavations at Indus valley civilization have proved the existence of woodcrafts. From simple forms, basic shapes and crude utilitarian wares, Indian woodcrafts developed and spread its wings to become one of the most beautiful and arty handicrafts of the subcontinent. Due to easy availability of varieties of wood, wood handicrafts could develop freely and gave a distinctive characteristic to the woodcrafts of each state.

The most common varieties used to make Indian handicrafts are teak, oak, mango, ebony and mahogany. Sandalwood, sheesham, rosewood and walnut are the fascinating varieties but expensive used in producing fine pieces of furniture and decorative items. There has been a consequent flow of breaths of Renaissance amongst traditional and antique woodcraft, owning to its uniqueness. Indian artisans are categorically hell bent on screening the silver lining while experimenting with designs to create a blend of traditional and modern woodcraft, the Indo-western archetype.

Wooden boxes are chiselled out of exotic wood and finished with intricate carvings used for different purposes, varied in designs. Wooden Jewellery Box has intricate carvings, brass inlay and hammered metal, hand crafted by master craftsmen. The skills are reflected in the exotic woods that are veneered and inlaid with designs, and attractive bandings. Available in finishes of Oak, Walnut, Mahogany jewellery boxes have crushed velvet interior in red, green, purple, and blue colour. Wooden gift boxes are excellent for packaging gift items meant for distance transportation durable and user friendly. Sometimes the messages are also engraved within the boxes to bear the testimony of special occasions.

Exercise 2. Answer the questions.

v How is Indian wood worker designated?

v What was a purpose of wood?

v What is the meaning of woodcraft?

v How did skilled craftsmen work at that time?

v What was Mainpur from Uttar Pradesh famous for?

v What have excavations at Indus valley civilization proved?

v What did Indian woodcrafts develop?

v What kinds of wood were used by Indian handicrafts?

v What did Indian artisans do in order to create a blend of traditional and modern woodcraft?

v What was told about wooden boxes?

Exercise 3. Translate following sentences into Russian or Kazakh languages.

1. Woodcrafts of India are famous since ages and probably one of the most primitive arts.

2. Wood, which was an obvious choice for fuel and making of tools in ancient times, has its voluptuous use in public via private walks of life, ranging from pillars, to doors, window to household articles.

3. Skilled craftsmen of each state create handicrafts using wood that at first infests the regional market then ventures to detain the foreign ones.

4. The states of Jammu & Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka and Kerala have conceptually urbanized distinctive styles of woodcarvings. Even Rajasthan is noted for its carved sandalwood and rosewood besides silhouetting the industrial horizon with heavy ornamental furniture.

5. Ancient India highlights wood as a medium for manufacturing daily usable items, utensils, axes, toys and dolls for children crafted with wood.

6. Due to easy availability of varieties of wood, wood handicrafts could develop freely and gave a distinctive characteristic to the woodcrafts of each state.

7. The most common varieties used to make Indian handicrafts are teak, sal, oak, mango, ebony and mahogany.

Exercise 4. Look at the photos below and speak about woodcraft in Kazakhstan.

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