The notion of a supraphrasal unity its prosodic features

The unit coming next to an utterance in the above-mentioned hierarchy is a supraphrasal unity (SPU).

There arc constant prosodic markers distinguishing initial, median and final phrases in the unity. These are the features of pitch, loudness and tempo An important feature marking the boundary of a supraphrasal unity is a pause which is considerably longer than any of the pauses separating the phrases within the unity. It is the so-called three-unit pause.The degree of semantic completeness of the utterances within a supraphrasal unity is reflected in the degree of finality of its nuclear tone. The last utterance in a unity normally has a falling nuclear tone with the lowest ending point while the fall in the non-final phrases doesn't doesn't generally reach the bottom of the voice-range.

17. The system & sphere of usage of emphatic static & kinetic tones

Emphatic tones are used in speech for two main purposes: 1) to increase the semantic prominence of separate words in an utterance or that of an entire utterance; 2) to attach an emotional colouring to an utterance. Emphatic tones are modifications, or variants, of basic kinetic and static tones. Emphasis applied to a tone increases the force of articulation on the syllable carrying the tone and the effect of loudness. It also changes the pitch characteristics, moving the upper point of a kinetic tone upward and the lower point of it downward, thus widening the interval of the pitch-change. In the case of a static tone emphasis displaces the 'normal' pitch-height of the tone upwards or downwards.

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