Types and kinds of stylistics.

Types: As in modern linguistics 3 areas of language are distinguished, namely, language system (langue), speech activity (performance) and speech material/speech (parole), the notion of function has certain peculiarities applied to each of these areas. Understanding of style is different, too, as applied to language, speech activity and speech. Accordingly, 3 types of stylistics may be distinguished: stylistics of language, stylistics of activity, stylistics of speech.

Kinds: (but I'm not sure!!!)

- phonographical stylistics

-morphological stylistics

- lexical stylistics

- syntactical (stylistic syntax).

7. Basic notions of stylistics: language, speech activity, and speech; syntagmatics and paradigmatics; marked and unmarked members of stylistic opposition.

Language is the system of signs, the relations between them and the rules of their usage.

Speech activity is the process of converting the language system into speech in accordance with fixed rules and patterns. Speech is the materialization of language in communication.

Paradigmatics is a set of relations between the language units of one class which are based on association. Syntagmatics is a set of linear relations between the speech units of one level within a unit of a higher language level.

8. Basic notions of stylistics: style, individual style; norm; variant, context.

Style is a distinctive way of using language for some purpose and to some effect (P. Verdonk)

Individual style – a writer’s individual manner of using language means to achieve the effect he desires. Can be recognized by peculiar combination of language means and SD.

Deliberate choice must be distinguished from habitual idiosyncrasy.

Idiolect – the speech of an individual, characterized by peculiarities typical of that particular individual.

It is next to impossible to work out universal language norms because each functional style has its own regulations: “I ain’t got no news” is considered normal in colloquial style.

Norm – set of language rules which are considered to be the most standard and correct in a certain epoch and a certain society.

Types of norm: language norm

stylistic norm

ethic/ecological norm

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