Style and meaning. Types of connotations.

Word meaning - constant relations between the object (as a referent or an idea about a referent), the notion named and the name itself: its sound form and contents, or the reflection of the object or notion in our mind. (V.I. Shakhovsky)

Grammatical – refers our mind to relations between words or to some forms of words or constructions bearing upon their structural functions in the language-as-a-system. (Galperin)

Lexical – refers the mind to some concrete concept, phenomenon, or thing of objective reality, whether real or imaginary. Can be denotative and connotative.

Denotative represents the most important aspect of communication because it refers to the notional basis of information conveyed by the speaker to the listener; establishes correlation between the name (word) and the object, phenomenon, process or qualification of concrete reality or thought as such, which is detonated by the word;

Connotative – refers to socio-cultural and personal associations of the sign Conveys information about the situation and the participants of communication; Does not exist independently of denotation but simultaneously with it

Сonnotative meaning may be of 4 types:

- functional stylistic meaning which is the result of the constant usage of the word in definite speech spheres: foe, maiden – in poetry, chap – colloquial.

- evaluative meaning which bears reference to things, phenomena or ideas through the evaluation of the denotate: e.g. The concept “dwelling” is represented:slum, house, building, barrack, hut, mansion, palace, etc.

- emotive meaning which expresses the speaker’s emotional attitude to the denotate (chit, puppet, jade) e.g. “She sounds a bit of a swine”, the boy said. Oh! Hell! Damn! Bloody!

- expressive meaning which does not refer to directly to things or phenomena of the objective reality, but to the feelings and emotions of the speaker; aims at intensification of the meaning – both emotional and logical; it either increases or decreases the expressiveness of the language. e.g. pig-headed – ‘very stubborn and obstinate’ (speaking of a man – cockerel, bully, buck)

Не нашли, что искали? Воспользуйтесь поиском: