Pollution Water, Air and Soil Contamination

Pollution is an environmental concern for people throughout the world. One university study suggests that pollutants in the water, air, and soil cause up to 40 percent of the premature deaths in the world's population. The majority of these deaths occur in developing countries. Infants and young children are the most susceptible to waterborne diseases.

Water in many third world countries is contaminated with toxic chemicals, also known as toxins. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 1.1 billion people have little or no access to clean water. In many of these regions the water that is used for drinking, cooking, and washing is the same water that is used for dumping sewage and hazardous waste. Most developing countries cannot afford water treatment facilities. Approximately 80% of infectious diseases in the world are caused by contaminated water. Open stoves cause lung cancer in many parts of the world.

Air pollution is a growing problem throughout the world. Indoor air pollution is one of the leading causes of lung cancer. Families in developing countries use open stoves for cooking and heating their homes. These homes do not have proper ventilation. The smoke, which is full of chemicals and carcinogens, gets trapped inside where families eat and sleep. Outdoor pollution also causes disease and illness, especially in industrial cities such as Beijing, China, where cancer is the leading cause of death.

Exercise 2. Look at the article’s headline and guess whether these sentences are true or false:

Exercise 3. ROLE PLAY: CLASSROOM DEBATE: Team up with classmates into groups of three. Discuss your role and what to say before the role play begins.

Exercise 4. Discuss on the given topic. How green are you?

a. What do you do with rubbish in your household?

b. Are you economical about using water and electricity? Why? Why not?

c. How would you feel if you had to walk or cycle everywhere?

d. What do you think about being a vegetarian?

e. What’s your opinion of people who were real fur coats?

Exercise 5. [ T.5] Listen to the text and put the words in the column on the right into the gaps.

Traffic pollution damages kids’ lungs

Road _________ is a serious danger to children’s ______. That’s the worrying conclusion of the longest and largest study* ever undertaken into the effects of traffic fumes on child ___________. Researchers from the University of Southern California spent 13 years studying children who lived within 500 meters of busy highways. They found that most of the 3,600 children in the study had __________ weakened lungs. Researchers said this meant the children could have _________ problems for the rest of their lives. The main author of the study W. James Gauderman said: "Someone suffering a pollution-related _______ in lung function as a child will probably have less than healthy ______ all of his or her life.” He added: "If you live in a high-pollution area and live near a busy road, you get a doubling of the _______.” Gauderman and his team conducted their ________ on youngsters who lived near busy roads. Once a year, the team measured the children's lung _____. It checked how much air the children could release in one breath and how quickly it could be released. The team found that by their 18th ________, children who lived within 500 meters of a highway _______ three per cent less air compared with children who lived one-and-a-half kilometers away. Further, the _______ children’s lung power was seven per cent ______ in the rate at which they could exhale. Gauderman said that: "Even if you are in a relatively low ________ pollution area, living near a road produces lung problems." About a third of the children moved away from busy roads during the study but stayed near the same _________. Their lungs developed more healthily.   Exercise 7. Match the following synonyms from the article:		development lungs damage significantly health breathing deficit pollution community power highway regional weaker birthday research exhaled

1. children comparatively

2. Fumes additionally

3. significantly breath out

4. Deficit emissions

5. measured reduction

6. Exhale proportion

7. Further considerably

8. Rate youngsters

9. Relatively smog

Exercise 7. Put the words in the correct column.

Minerals, atoms, living organisms, cells, rocks, lands, history of the earth, chemical bonds, rivers

Exercise 8. Complete the sentences with suitable word.

1 We’re having a heatwave. It’s not usually so hot at this time of year.

2 If you have travelling in India, it’s best to avoid the m____________ season.

3 It rained so hard that there were serious f___________ in low-lying areas.

4 The h____________ was completely unexpected and the balls of ice nearly broke our greenhouse!

5 Hundreds of tree fell down during the h______________ and several houses were destroyed.

Check yourself

1. Choose the right variant: Yesterday James ______from school crying.

GLOSSARY

Make up a topic “ Do you think water will become cleaner or more polluted in your area in the future?” and retell it.

Read and translate the text №3 “ A world without time or number”, p.164-165

References

Main:

1. Clive Oxenden and Christina Latham-Koenig. New English File. Upper-Intermediate Students Book, Oxford 2010.

2. Clive Oxenden and Christina Latham-Koenig. New English File. Upper-Intermediate Workbook. Oxford 2010.

Additional:

3. Essential Grammar in Use by Raymond Murphy. Third edition.

4. Audio Disc of New English File Upper-intermediate level.

5. www.breakingnews.com

HAND OUT № 6 (96)

Discipline: English as a foreign language Credits - 2

Upper- Intermediate l evel Practical lesson

Lexical theme: Our planet

Grammar: Revision. Question formation

Teacher: assistant professor Moldabayeva Magira Kitobayevna

GRAMMAR COMMENT

Write 5 questions on your own.

Word order in questions with auxiliaries

main verb subject auxiliary/modal question word

Correct the mistakes.

1. About what was the programme?

2. How many magazines they usually sell a year?

3. Who did play the piano in the group?

4. Has phoned your father?

5. About what are they talking?

A B C D

Exercise 1. In pairs discuss the photos. How does each photograph make you feel? Would you be more worried about one of the events than the others? Why? Why not? Which set of words goes with which photograph?

a. a bolt, a storm, thunder,a flash c. lava, ash, an eruption, gases

b. to be stranded, torrential rain d. a tremor, cracks, to tremble

Exercise 2. [T.6] Listen to the text and mark the sentences T (true) or F (false).

Exercise 3. Retell the main idea of the listened text.

Exercise 4. Discuss on the given situation.

On the 12th of March, 2010, a small village of Kyzylagash in Aksu district of Almaty province was almost completely wiped out. The catastrophe caused a lot of casualties and damages to local people.

How can we prevent such kind of disasters? What should people do in such situations? What does our government do in order to help?

Exercise 5. Read the text and translate the 1^st paragraph.

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