ГЕРУНДИАЛЬНЫЙ ОБОРОТ

Переводится на русский язык придаточным предложением, которое вводится союзами: что; то, что; о том, чтобы; в том, что.

1. We all know of their designing a new type of semiconductor radio set.

Мы знаем, что они проектируют новый тип радиоприемника на полупроводниках.

2. They read of Yablochkov’s having found a brilliant solution to the problem of using the electric arc for lighting.

Они прочитали то, что Яблочков нашел блестящее решение проблемы применения электрической дуги для освещения.

3. Comrade Smirnov’s taking part in the development of new cooling system was of great help to us.

То, что Смирнов принял участие в усовершенствовании новой охладительной системы, очень помогло нам.

V. Переведите предложения, определив функцию герундия.

1. We know of Newton’s having spent more than 20 years of scientific thinking before finaly formulating them on paper. 2. The motion of this body was changed because of its having been acted upon by an external force. 3. Many scientific discoveries proceeded Newton’s stating his laws of motion. 4. Newton’s having stated his laws of motion is very important for modern science. 5. By studying Newton’s laws of motion we learn that they are applied in our daily life as well. 6. Principia’s having been written in such a short time was due to its author’s great previous work. 7. The Principia’s having been published brought Newton world fame. 8. We knew nothing of this device being broken.

VI. Переведите предложения, определив функцию герундия.

I

1. The world’s first nuclear power station in Obninsk began generating electricity in 1954. 2. In fact converting kinds of fuels into electricity is not economic enough. 3. The idea of utilizing the energy of oceans is not new, but tidal stations are still few. 4. Recently scientists have succeeded in creating new kinds of generators for converting heat directly into light. 5. This machine-tool is capable of running at very high-speeds. 6. They began building houses of stones.

II

1. The student’s completing the experiment on time was very important. 2. Our aim is improving the results. 3. Electrons escaping begin when the cathode is heated to a high temperature. 4. They have stopped discussing the problem. 5. I remember having been the problem yet. 7. A barometer is an instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure. 8.People began studying higher mathematics in the 17^th century. 9. The teacher insisted on our carrying out that experiment in the laboratory.

III

1. Students don’t like being asked. 2. Do you like listening to anybody or being listened to? 3. He relied on his paper being discussed tomorrow. 4. He insisted on his device having been tested.

Помните, что слово с окончанием -ing в начале предложения может быть герундием в функции подлежащего или причастием в функции обстоятельства.

VII. Переведите предложения, определив функцию причастия или герундия в начале предложения.

1. Measuring the temperature we used these new thermometers. 2. Measuring the temperature will help us to determine the difference of the properties of these materials. 3.Escaping from the cathode, the electrons flow in space. 4. Escaping electrons will not begin till we heat the cathode. 5. Using a strong magnet we direct the particles to the necessary point. 6. Using a magnet is not necessary here. 7. Solving this problem he discovered a very interesting phenomenon. 8. Solving such problem helps us greatly.

VIII. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Помните разницу между герундием и отглагольным существительным. Отглагольное существительное употребляется:

1) с артиклем;

2) может иметь форму множественного числа

3) может определяться прилагательным.

1. A thorough mastering of a foreign language will assist you in many branches of work. 2. The designing of that building met all the necessary requirements. 3. The launchings of artificial moon satellites will make it possible to solve a number of problems in the field of space exploration. 4. The studying of higher mathematics starts with the so-called real consideration. 5. The launching of artificial satellites of the earth has been a great achievement of world science.

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