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Exercise 1. Find the matches between more formal and common vocabulary.
e.g., to appear (more formal) – to seem (common)
A.
| More Formal | Common | ||
| 1. | appear | a. | seem |
| 2. | ascend | b. | tell |
| 3. | assist | c. | use |
| 4. | cease | d. | help |
| 5. | commence | e. | get |
| 6. | consume | f. | go |
| 7. | decrease | g. | show |
| 8. | demonstrate | h. | end |
| 9. | depart | i. | keep |
| 10. | desire | j. | ask |
| 11. | enquire | k. | stop |
| 12. | finish | l. | keep |
| 13. | inform | m. | climb |
| 14. | obtain | n. | live |
| 15. | preserve | o. | begin |
| 16. | reject | p. | shorten |
| 17. | release | q. | mend |
| 18. | repair | r. | free |
| 19. | require | s. | want |
| 20. | reside | t. | need |
| 21. | retain | u. | say no |
B.
| 1. | comprehension | a. | house |
| 2. | deficiency | b. | sight |
| 3. | opportunity | c. | sweat |
| 4. | perspiration | d. | lack |
| 5. | residence | e. | understanding |
| 6. | vision | f. | chance |
C.
| 1. | finally | a. | again and again |
| 2. | immediately | b. | on and off |
| 3. | initially | c. | next |
| 4. | intermittently | d. | in the end |
| 5. | principally | e. | at first |
| 6. | repeatedly | f. | so |
| 7. | subsequently | g. | at once |
| 8. | therefore | h. | mainly |
D.
| 1. | amiable | a. | lucky |
| 2. | complete | b. | worse |
| 3. | energetic | c. | dim |
| 4. | fortunate | d. | laid back |
| 5. | immature | e. | empty |
| 6. | incorrect | f. | whole |
| 7. | inferior | g. | better |
| 8. | inexpensive | h. | enough |
| 9. | indistinct | i. | friendly |
| 10. | insane | j. | mad |
| 11. | relaxed | k. | clear |
| 12. | responsible | l. | childish |
| 13. | sufficient | m. | wrong |
| 14. | superior | n. | in charge |
| 15. | transparent | o. | lively |
| 16. | vacant | p. | cheap |
Exercise 2. Match the following colloquial expressions with their formal equivalents:
| Colloquial Expression | Formal Alternative |
| 1. a stumbling block | a) definitely |
| 2. above board | b) intrinsic to |
| 3. beyond a shadow of doubt | c) investigated alternatives |
| 4. easier said than done | d) legitimate |
| 5. explored every avenue | e) more difficult in practice |
| 6. get through it | f) point of contention |
| 7. got out of hand | g) reached an acceptable compromise |
| 8. in recent years | h) recently |
| 9. part and parcel | i) support through words but not through actions |
| 10. pay lip service to | j) survive, penetrate |
| 11. reached a happy medium | k) was no longer under control |
Exercise 3. Edit the following text fragments according to the academic writing style:
1. If you fail the exam, you can’t enter the university.
2. The subjects didn’t have much difficulty with the task.
3. You can clearly see the difference between these two processes.
4. Nurses must take into consideration patients' dietary needs resulting from allergies, medication, medical conditions, and so on.
5. Public transport includes vehicles for public use on the roads, airways, waterways, etc.
6. These special tax laws have been enacted in six states: Illinois, Iowa, Ohio, etc.
7. A small bit of ammonium dichromate is added to the gelatin solution gradually.
8. OK, what are the causes of deformation? Many possibilities exist.
9. Industrial sites cause vast amounts of environmental pollution, so why do we still use them?
10. What is a team? A team can be one person but will usually end up including many more.
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