Exercise 17 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense forms.

1. If you (not buy) coffee, we’ll drink tea. 2. If he is free tomorrow, he certainly (come) to our party. 3. My brother would not have missed so many lessons if he (not hurt) his leg. 4. If you spoke English every day, you (improve) your language skills. 5. If you get a ‘five’, your mother (be) happy. 6. If she (return) earlier, she would have been able to see him before he left. 7. If these shoes were not too big for me, I (buy) them. 8. If you (ring) me up, I’ll tell you a secret. 9. If I (be) a poet, I would write only love poems. 10. If he (not pass) his examination, he will not get a scholarship. 12. If I were a famous singer, I (get) a lot of flowers every day.

Exercise 18 Write sentence chains with if to show how things could have been different.

Model: If he hadn’t worked so hard, he wouldn’t have passed his exams. If he hadn’t passed his exams, he wouldn’t have gone to university. If he hadn’t gone to university...

1. He worked hard → passed exams → went to university → studied languages → learnt Chinese → went to China → went climbing in Tibet → tried to climb Everest → disappeared in a snowstorm.

2. He bought a bicycle → went for a ride in the country → fell off → woke up in hospital → met a beautiful nurse → wrote a bestselling novel about her → got rich → marries the beautiful nurse and had three charming children → lived happily ever after.

3. Mary’s mother went out that evening → Mary cooked for herself → got interested in cooking → opened a very successful restaurant → had Prime Minister as customer → PM ordered mussels* → mussels poisoned PM → PM died → Mary went to prison for life.

^* mussels – мідії

Exercise 19 Point out the Subjunctive Mood and give Ukrainian equivalents for the following sayings and proverbs. Write a paragraph in which you paraphrase the quotation, explain it through a series of supporting sentences, and make your own judgement about it. Feel free to agree or disagree with the idea.

1. If there were no clouds, we should not enjoy the sun. 2. If my aunt had been a man, she’d have been my uncle. 3. If ‘ifs’ and ‘ans’ were pots and pans. 4. ‘If only youth had the knowledge; if only age had the strength’. (H. Estienne) 5. ‘For all sad words of tongue or pen, / The saddest are these: ‘It might have been’. (J.G. Whittier) 6. If it were not hope, the heart would break. 7. If each would sweep before his own door, we should have a clean city. 8. Many would be cowards if they had courage enough. 9. Pigs might fly if they had wings. 10. If things were to be done twice all would be wise. 12. Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse. 13. Nothing is so good but it might have been better.

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