Образование форм глагола

Форма большинства глаголов в данном времени (т.н. 2-я форма глагола) образуется путем прибавления окончания -ed к инфинитиву глагола без частицы to (т.е. к 1-ой форме глагола). Кроме этого, есть глаголы, которые имеют особую форму для данного времени. Такие глаголы называются неправильными.

При образовании 2-й формы правильных глаголов применяются следующие правила орфографии:

• если в конце глагола стоит буква -e, то она выпадает при добавлении окончания -ed
• если глагол заканчивается на согласную с последующей буквой y, то конечная буква y меняется на i при добавлении окончания -ed
• если глагол заканчивается на краткую гласную с последующей согласной, то конечная согласная удваивается при добавлении окончания -ed

Для образования вопросительной и отрицательной форм смысловых глаголов используется форма прошедшего времени вспомогательного глагола to do - did, при этом сам глагол ставится в 1-ю форму. Ниже представлены повествовательные, вопросительные и отрицательные формы глагола to work.

Exercise 1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя гла­голы в Present или Past Simple.

1. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock every day. 2. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock yesterday. 3. My brother (to wash) his face every morning. 4. Yesterday he (to wash) his face at a quarter past seven. 5. I (not to have) history lessons every day. 6. We (not to rest) yesterday. 7. My brother (not to drink) cof­fee yesterday. 8. My mother always (to take) a bus to get to work, but yesterday she (not to take) a bus. Yesterday she (to walk) to her office. 9. You (to talk) to the members of your family every day? - Yes, I.... But yesterday I (not to talk) to them: I (to be) very busy yesterday. 10. You (to come) home at six o'clock yesterday? - No, I.... Yes­terday I (to come) home from school at half past eight. I (to be) very tired. I (to have) dinner with my family. After dinner I (to be) very thirsty. I (to drink) two cups of tea. Then I (to rest). 11. Your sister (to go) to school every day? - - Yes, she....

Exercise 2. Выберите правильный вариант вопроса

1. Did Bill at home last night?
Did Bill was at home last night?
Did Bill be at home last night?
Was Bill at home last night?
2. Who did be at home last night?
Who was at home last night?
Who did at home last night?
Who did was at home last night?
3. When did Bill at home?
When did Bill was at home?
When was Bill at home?
When did Bill be at home?
4. Who cleaned clothes last night?
Who did cleaned clothes last night?
Who was cleaned clothes last night?
Who did clean clothes last night?
5. When Bill cleaned his clothes?
When did Bill cleaned his clothes?
When was Bill cleaned his clothes?
When did Bill clean his clothes?
6. What he did first?
What was he do first?
What was he did first?
What did he do first?
7. Where he put them?
Where was he put them?
Where he was put them?
Where did he put them?
8. Why he placed them in the dryer?
Why did he place them in the dryer?
Why was he placed them in the dryer?
Why did he placed them in the dryer?
9. Was he folded them after that?
Did he folded them after that?
Did he fold them after that?
Was he fold them after that?
10. Was Bill proud?
Did Bill was proud?
Was Bill did proud?
Did Bill proud?
11. Why he was proud?
Why did he proud?
Why was he proud?
Why he proud?

Exercise 3. Переведите текст на русский язык

Bill was at home last night. He cleaned his clothes. First he put them in the washer. Next he added soap. Later he placed the clothes in the dryer. Then he folded them. Bill was very proud he did it himself.

Тема 16

Travelling by sea

Лексический блок

Human beings are very inquisitive and like discovering different places. That is why people all over the world like to travel around the globe. It is not so interesting for them to see the world on TV today. It is precious to see it by their own.

And when people come to beautiful beaches and sparkling blue waters, they understand it is really the amazing thing they wanted to see. There are countless adventures within reach on cruise vacation. There are many cruise companies in the world, and each of these companies can provide you a qualified service.

During the cruise people live in comfortable cabins. During sea days when a cruise liner is in the open sea, people can take sunbathes, swim in the swimming pools, play fools in the slide or promenade around the ship visiting different decks. You can rent a cabin for two, four, six persons.

Cruise companies offer different tours during which you can discover the inhabitants of a coral reef on a glass-bottomed boat, go horseback riding on the beach, go mountain biking rain forests, explore ancient civilizations as you climb mysterious pyramids or snorkel with stingrays and dive 800 feet down in a research submarine. Days onboard are casual but full of joy and new impressions. But don't forget your camera and binoculars, so you don't miss a thing.

Adventures are endless in this area. People can relax on a cruise surrounded by the white-sand beaches and beautiful turquoise waters of the most beautiful islands on the earth, find and visit tropical places where nature brings striking mountains and pristine beaches.

Such islands are home to rich culture and complex histories. There are archaic ruins, beaches, rain forests and many waterfalls. Here you can find new friends and buy a lot of souvenirs.

Questions:

1. Why do people like travelling?
2. What adventures can you have while travelling on a cruise ship?
3. Where do people live during the cruise?
4. Where can you go during sea days?
5. What kind of tours do cruise companies offer?
6. What can you go sightseeing when you are on a cruise vacation?

Vocabulary:

human beings — человеческие существа
inquisitive — любознательный, пытливый; любопытный
precious — большой ценности, важнее всего
sparkling — блестящий, искрящийся, сверкающий
to provide — снабжать; доставлять; обеспечивать
cabin — каюта
seaday — зд. морской день, день когда корабль находится в открытом море
open sea — открытое море
to take sunbathes — загорать
to play fools — дурачиться
slide — слайд; водная горка
to promenade — прогуливаться; гулять, разгуливать; прохаживаться
deck — палуба
horseback riding — прогулка верхом на лошади
mountain biking — прогулка на велосипеде по горам
rain forest — тропические леса
to climb — взбираться, влезать, восходить, карабкаться, подниматься
mysterious — таинственный; загадочный, непостижимый
to snorkel — плавать под водой с маской и трубкой
stingray — скат
to dive — нырять, бросаться в воду
research submarine — научно-исследовательская подводная лодка
casual — нерегулярный, временный
joy — радость, счастье; восторг
to stroll — прогуливаться, бродить, гулять (обычно медленно, праздно)
to surround — окружать; обступать
turquoise — бирюзовый цвет
pristine — древний, первоначальный, изначальный; чистый, нетронутый;

Тема 17

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